Rapid Collaborative Proposal: Characterization, Quantification, and Transport of Incidental Nanomaterials from Wildland-Urban Fires in Surface Waters

快速合作提案：地表水中荒地-城市火灾中附带纳米材料的表征、量化和传输

• 批准号: 2101904
• 负责人: Jackson Webster
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Chico State Enterprises
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-11-15 至 2022-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2101904&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Collaborative; Proposal; Characterization; Quantification

Fire is a natural process in many ecosystems worldwide, however it is also a serious environmental concern with implications human and environmental health. Fire activity and associated environmental impacts are projected to increase globally as a result of climate and societal changes. On August 15th, 2020, a large lightning storm moved across the western United States igniting many wildfires. These fires have burned more than 8 million acres of land and more than 10,000 urban structures in 12 states with California being the most impacted. Fire liberates metals stored in plants, soils, and structural materials, likely in the form of incidental nanomaterials. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) Collaborative project will collect time-sensitive samples and data related to the 2020 fire season. Researchers at California State University, Chico, California will collect ash and water samples and will perform water analysis. Researchers at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina will perform incidental nanomaterial analysis. This research will examine the composition, properties, transformations, and mobilization of fire-generated incidental nanomaterials in surface water receiving runoff from burned areas. This project will support the training of a postdoctoral fellow. Methods, data, and tools generated in this project will be integrated into existing undergraduate and graduate curricula at the University of South Carolina and California State University. Broader impacts to society will result from an improved understanding of pollutants generated by wildland-urban fires and their potential impacts on water resources. Such information can lead to better management strategies of water resources during and after wildland-urban fires to protect environmental and human health. The 2020 fire season is one of the worst on record in the western United States, affecting more than 8 million acres of land and destroying more than 10,000 urban structures. The combustion of vegetation and structural materials in the wildland-urban interface liberates metals stored in these materials, likely in the form of incidental nanomaterials in residual and transported fire ash. Overland runoff mobilizes these incidental nanomaterials to downstream surface waters, causing environmental and human health concerns. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) Collaborative project will collect time-sensitive samples and data related to the 2020 fire season. Researchers at the California State University will collect ash and water samples and will perform water analysis. Researchers at the University of South Carolina will perform incidental nanomaterial analysis. This research seeks to answer the following fundamental questions: 1) what metal-based incidental nanomaterials are formed due to the burning of different forests and structures? 2) what transformations do incidental nanomaterials undergo following rainfall events? and 3) will incidental nanomaterials persist in the environment? The proposed research will provide a comprehensive understanding of fire-formed incidental nanomaterials by generating complementary data on incidental nanomaterial size, shape, composition, and phase. These data will be generated by adopting a state-of-the-art multi-method approach to characterize the properties of incidental nanomaterials including single particle–inductively coupled plasma–time of flight–mass spectroscopy, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The broader impacts of the proposed research include: 1) identifying novel research questions in the area of wildland-urban fire-borne contamination; 2) providing data to other fields such as public health to improve understanding of diseases linked to fire incidental nanomaterial exposure; 3) providing data that can be used to develop and validate incidental nanomaterials fate models; 4) providing data to public utilities such as drinking water treatment plants to improve their treatment design to ensure safe drinking water treatment, and 5) integrating the methods, data, and tools generated in this proposed research into existing undergraduate and graduate curricula at the University of South Carolina and California State University.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火灾是全球许多生态系统中的自然过程，但它也是一个严重的环境问题，会影响人类和环境健康。由于气候和社会变化，火灾活动和相关的环境影响预计将在全球范围内增加。一场大型雷暴席卷美国西部，引发多场野火，这些火灾已烧毁 12 个州超过 800 万英亩的土地和 10,000 多座城市建筑，其中加利福尼亚州火灾受影响最严重。释放储存在植物、土壤和结构材料中的金属，可能以附带纳米材料的形式存在。该快速响应研究 (RAPID) 合作项目将收集与 2020 年火灾季节相关的时间敏感样本和数据。加利福尼亚州奇科市将收集灰分和水样，南卡罗来纳州哥伦比亚大学的研究人员将进行附带的纳米材料分析。该项目将支持博士后研究员的培训，该项目产生的方法、数据和工具将被纳入南方大学现有的本科生和研究生课程。卡罗来纳州和加州州立大学。对荒地-城市火灾产生的污染物及其对水资源的潜在影响的深入了解将产生更广泛的社会影响，这些信息可以在荒地-城市火灾期间和之后制定更好的水资源管理策略。到2020 年的火灾季节是美国西部有记录以来最严重的火灾季节之一，影响了超过 800 万英亩的土地，摧毁了 10,000 多座城市建筑，荒地中的植被和结构材料燃烧。城市界面释放出储存在这些材料中的金属，可能以残留的附带纳米材料的形式释放，并且陆上径流将这些附带的纳米材料转移到下游地表水中，从而迅速引起环境和人类健康问题。响应研究 (RAPID) 合作项目将收集与 2020 年火灾季节相关的时间敏感样本和数据，加州州立大学的研究人员将收集灰烬和水样本，并进行水分析。本研究旨在回答以下基本问题：1）由于不同森林和建筑物的燃烧而形成了哪些金属基偶然纳米材料？2）降雨事件后偶然发生的纳米材料发生了哪些变化？ 3) 偶然纳米材料会在环境中持续存在吗？拟议的研究将通过生成关于偶然纳米材料的尺寸、形状、成分和相的补充数据来全面了解火形成的偶然纳米材料。这些数据将通过采用状态生成。最先进的多方法方法来表征偶然纳米材料的特性，包括单粒子电感耦合等离子体飞行时间质谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、 X射线吸收光谱和穆斯堡尔光谱 拟议研究的更广泛影响包括：1）确定荒地-城市火灾污染领域的新研究问题；2）为公共卫生等其他领域提供数据。提高对与火灾偶然接触纳米材料有关的疾病的了解； 3) 提供可用于开发和验证偶然纳米材料归宿模型的数据； 4) 向饮用水处理厂等公共事业提供数据，以改进其处理设计确保安全的饮用水处理，5) 将本拟议研究中产生的方法、数据和工具整合到南卡罗来纳大学和加州州立大学现有的本科生和研究生课程中。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为是值得的通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Wildland-urban interface fire ashes as a major source of incidental nanomaterials

荒地-城市界面火灰是附带纳米材料的主要来源

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130311
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Alshehri, Talal;Wang, Jingjing;Singerling, Sheryl A.;Gigault, Julien;Webster, Jackson P.;Matiasek, Sandrine J.;Alpers, Charles N.;Baalousha, Mohammed
• 通讯作者: Baalousha, Mohammed

Discovery and potential ramifications of reduced iron-bearing nanoparticles—magnetite, wüstite, and zero-valent iron—in wildland–urban interface fire ashes

荒地与城市界面火灰中还原的含铁纳米颗粒（磁铁矿、方铁矿和零价铁）的发现及其潜在影响

• DOI: 10.1039/d2en00439a
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Environmental Science: Nano
• 作者: Baalousha, Mohammed;Desmau, Morgane;Singerling, Sheryl A.;Webster, Jackson P.;Matiasek, Sandrine J.;Stern, Michelle A.;Alpers, Charles N.
• 通讯作者: Alpers, Charles N.