CAREER: Air Stable and Tunable Bandgap Pb-free Halide Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic Applications

职业：用于光伏和光催化应用的空气稳定且带隙可调的无铅卤化物钙钛矿材料

基本信息

批准号：
2046944
负责人：
Shubhra Bansal
金额：
$ 50万
依托单位：
University of Nevada Las Vegas
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-03-01 至 2024-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2046944&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Air Stable Tunable Bandgap

项目摘要

This CAREER project aims to develop high efficiency Pb-free perovskite solar cells and determine the stability of these novel materials. Pb-based organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells have shown tremendous promise with big leap in efficiency in less than a decade. However, due to presence of Pb and poor stability, these materials may pose issues for widespread use and commercialization of OIHP solar cells. The research community has not yet come up with a high performance alternative to Pb-based OIHP solar cells, primarily due to material defects. This project will develop air-stable and low defect density Pt-Ni and Sn-Ge based perovskite solar cells. Success in this project will result in development of a model system for Pb-free perovskite solar cells with stable buffer and contact materials. Lifetime prediction and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) models will be developed to determine the effect of Pb replacement on cell cost, energy yield, efficiency, degradation rates, encapsulation costs and recycling. In addition to these scientific advancements, PI will train underrepresented minority graduate and undergraduate students on materials for energy applications. This CAREER project will also train the next generation workforce for solar energy jobs in Nevada at community colleges and UNLV. Dedicated workshop series to identify the fundamental roadblocks for development of high efficiency and Pb-free perovskite materials will be hosted in collaboration with academia and industry partners.Organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) have shown significant progress as low-cost, solution printable semiconductors with superior optoelectronic properties. For photovoltaic applications, these materials have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiency of 25.2% single-junction and 29.1% perovskite-Si tandem devices. Despite the exceptional performance of OIHPs, toxicity of Pb, thermal stability, and stability due to ion migration are fundamental materials issues that need to be solved. The superior optoelectronic properties of Pb-based OIHPs have not yet been reproduced in Pb-free compositions due to high defect density and low absorption coefficient. The objectives of the proposed research are to develop all inorganic mixed halide-chalcogenide Pb-free perovskite photoabsorbers ABX3 and A2BX6 (A = Cs; B = Ge/Sn, Pt/Ni; X = I, Cl, Br, O, S) with tunable bandgap and high carrier lifetime. Dopant-free inorganic electron and hole transport layers with optimal band offsets will be developed for high efficiency and stable planar solar cells. Proposed work will address following: (1) solution processing of stable mixed halide-chalcogenide Pb-free perovskite thin films with low midgap defect density and high absorption coefficient; (2) stability and degradation mechanisms under junction bias, light illumination, heat, oxygen, UV and humidity; (3) surface and interface defect passivation with improved electron and hole transport layers; (4) high efficiency and stable Pb-free perovskite solar cells; (5) Accelerated stress testing protocols and numerical models for lifetime prediction and LCOE for Pb-free perovskite solar cells; and (6) cost-stability-performance trade-off analysis of Pb vs. Pb-free perovskite solar cells. Achieving a fundamental understanding of how to control the electronic, chemical, electrochemical, and dynamics behavior of Pb-free perovskite photoabsorbers will enable an entirely new generation of wide bandgap semiconductors for PV applications and beyond. Key international collaborations will be formed to address critical challenges for high efficiency Pb-free perovskite solar cells. This project is jointly funded by the division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS) and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该职业项目旨在开发高效无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池并确定这些新型材料的稳定性。铅基有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿（OIHP）太阳能电池在不到十年的时间里效率飞跃，展现出巨大的前景。然而，由于Pb的存在和稳定性差，这些材料可能会给OIHP太阳能电池的广泛使用和商业化带来问题。主要由于材料缺陷，研究界尚未提出铅基 OIHP 太阳能电池的高性能替代品。该项目将开发空气稳定且低缺陷密度的Pt-Ni和Sn-Ge基钙钛矿太阳能电池。该项目的成功将导致开发具有稳定缓冲和接触材料的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池模型系统。将开发寿命预测和平准化能源成本 (LCOE) 模型，以确定铅替代对电池成本、能源产量、效率、降解率、封装成本和回收的影响。除了这些科学进步之外，PI 还将对代表性不足的少数族裔研究生和本科生进行能源应用材料方面的培训。该职业项目还将培训内华达州社区学院和内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校的下一代太阳能工作人员。将与学术界和行业合作伙伴合作举办专门的研讨会系列，以确定开发高效率和无铅钙钛矿材料的基本障碍。有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿（OIHP）作为低成本、溶液可印刷半导体已显示出重大进展具有优越的光电性能。对于光伏应用，这些材料已实现单结 25.2% 和钙钛矿-硅串联器件 29.1% 的卓越功率转换效率。尽管 OIHP 具有出色的性能，但 Pb 的毒性、热稳定性和离子迁移稳定性是需要解决的基本材料问题。由于高缺陷密度和低吸收系数，基于 Pb 的 OIHP 的优异光电特性尚未在无铅组合物中重现。该研究的目标是开发全无机混合卤化物-硫属化物无铅钙钛矿光吸收剂ABX3和A2BX6（A = Cs；B = Ge/Sn，Pt/Ni；X = I，Cl，Br，O，S）具有可调谐带隙和高载流子寿命。将开发具有最佳能带偏移的无掺杂无机电子和空穴传输层，用于高效和稳定的平面太阳能电池。拟议的工作将解决以下问题：（1）具有低中带隙缺陷密度和高吸收系数的稳定混合卤化物-硫属化物无铅钙钛矿薄膜的溶液加工； (2)结偏压、光照、热、氧、紫外线和湿度下的稳定性和退化机制； (3)表面和界面缺陷钝化，改善电子和空穴传输层； (4)高效稳定的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池； (5) 无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池寿命预测和度电成本的加速应力测试方案和数值模型； (6)铅与无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的成本与稳定性权衡分析。对如何控制无铅钙钛矿光吸收剂的电子、化学、电化学和动力学行为有一个基本的了解，将为光伏应用及其他领域带来全新一代的宽带隙半导体。将形成重要的国际合作，以应对高效无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的关键挑战。该项目由电气、通信和网络系统部门 (ECCS) 和刺激竞争性研究既定计划 (EPSCoR) 联合资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势进行评估，认为值得支持以及更广泛的影响审查标准。