SBIR Phase I: A simple, targeted and flexible method for transferring value-added genes from wild relatives of crop plants

SBIR 第一阶段：一种简单、有针对性且灵活的方法，用于转移农作物野生近缘种的增值基因

• 批准号: 2110676
• 负责人: Kanwardeep Singh
• 金额: $ 25.6万
• 依托单位: BIOTECH NATURALE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110676&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; simple; targeted; flexible

The broader impact of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is to improve agricultural production. Of the global production differences with projected yields, about 25% results from disease and insects, and the remaining 75% is due to abiotic stresses. Wild relatives of crop plants harbor tremendous number of value-added genes for various agronomic traits including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, but their transfer using currently available methods is practically impossible as it is time-consuming, technically challenging, and risky as undesirable traits may be transferred with the target trait - rendering it unusable in the field. The proposed project will develop a novel method to transfer useful genes from wild relatives in a precise and targeted manner, without the accompanying undesirable traits. This will improve agricultural yields. The proposed project will develop a quick, targeted, and precise method of transferring value-added genes from wild relatives into crops, without accompanying unwanted genes (linkage drag). While the crop plants can easily be crossed to their wild relatives, chromosomes of wild relatives do not pair with their crop plant counterparts. This is due to a strict chromosome pairing and recombination control that is present in all crop plants. Lack of chromosome pairing between crop and wild relative chromosomes results in the transfer of whole chromosomes/arms carrying thousands of genes of which only one or two are useful. Tremendous efforts over the last 70 years have resulted in the transfer of 540 genes from wild relatives into wheat. While each transfer effort took more than 10 years, fewer than 10 of these genes are actually present in wheat varieties, mainly because of the associated negative effects of linkage drag as almost all transfers are complete chromosomes, arms or large segments. The proposed project will develop a novel method to transfer value-added genes from wild relatives into crops in less than a year without any linkage drag.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项小型企业创新研究（SBIR）I期项目的更广泛影响是改善农业生产。在预计产量的全球生产差异中，约有25％是由于疾病和昆虫而导致的，其余的75％是由于非生物应力造成的。作物植物的野生亲属具有大量的增值基因，用于包括生物和非生物胁迫耐受性在内的各种农艺性状，但是它们使用当前可用方法的转移几乎是不可能的，因为它耗时，技术上具有挑战性，而且风险具有挑战性和不良性状，可能会以目标特征为目标特征而转移 - 在目标特征上可以转移 - 在该领域中持续不断地在该领域中被限制。拟议的项目将开发一种新的方法，以精确而有针对性的方式从野生亲戚转移有用的基因，而没有伴随的不良特征。 这将提高农业产量。 拟议的项目将开发一种将增值基因从野生亲戚转移到农作物中的快速，有针对性且精确的方法，而无需伴随不需要的基因（链接阻力）。虽然农作物很容易被杂交野生亲戚，但野生亲戚的染色体与农作物植物的同伴搭配。这是由于所有作物植物中存在的严格染色体配对和重组控制。作物和野生相对染色体之间缺乏染色体配对会导致携带数千个基因的整个染色体/臂的转移，其中只有一个或两个很有用。在过去的70年中，巨大的努力导致将540个基因从野亲戚转移到小麦中。尽管每个转移工作花费了10多年，但实际上只有10个基因存在于小麦品种中，这主要是由于连锁阻力的相关负面影响，因为几乎所有转移都是完整的染色体，手臂或大段。拟议的项目将开发一种新颖的方法，将增值基因从不到一年的时间内将野生亲戚转移到农作物中，而无需任何联系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来支持的。