Collaborative Research: Fe and Na Lidar Investigations of Geospace-Atmosphere Temperature, Composition, Chemistry, and Dynamics at McMurdo, Antarctica

合作研究：南极洲麦克默多的地球空间大气温度、成分、化学和动力学的铁和钠激光雷达研究

• 批准号: 2110428
• 负责人: Xinzhao Chu
• 金额: $ 326.44万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110428&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Fe; Na; Lidar

This award is funded in whole or part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The Geospace coupling system consists of multiple domains transferring solar wind energy and momentum through the Earth's magnetosphere down to the polar ionosphere and thermosphere (neutral upper atmosphere). The 100-200 km altitude region is one of the most important domains where the magnetospheric energy dissipates by precipitating charged particles and respective Joule heating of the upper atmosphere. However, this plasma-neutral coupling in this domain is the lees understood one because it is located well below satellite-observing altitudes, so only remote sensing techniques from the Earth's surface are available here - and observations of neutral winds and temperatures in this range of altitudes are rare. The observations that have been acquired by the LIDAR instrumentation at the McMurdo Station in Antarctica over the last decade have already enabled compelling new science. Studies of plasma-neutral coupling significantly advanced understanding of these complex space-atmosphere interactions. This award will advance a new concept of multistep vertical wave coupling from ground to the thermosphere that was develop from discoveries made by McMurdo lidars. This concept helps advancing the space weather modeling by better assessing the impact of the lower atmosphere forcing on the ionosphere and thermosphere dynamics. Gravity wave forcing on the polar upper atmosphere via wave drag and mixing is important to a wide range of research problems, including general circulation modeling, atmospheric chemistry modeling, thermal balance calculations, studies of airglow and metal layers, and the estimates of the cosmic dust influx. The development of the absolute temperature climatology is crucial for calibrating satellite observations of the polar thermosphere and its connections with the mesosphere and lower atmosphere – they are needed to validate global climate models, and decades from now will serve as the baseline against which long-term temperature trends in the changing Antarctic climate are assessed. The sodium and Fe-Boltzmann lidars that have been operated at McMurdo acquire vertical profiles of neutral atmospheric parameters, including temperature from 30 to ~200 km, vertical winds, and iron & sodium densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. This will provide answers on new science questions related to the complex physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the polar atmosphere and Geospace that are inspired by McMurdo lidar discoveries. These studies provided unique opportunities to train a new generation of scientists and engineers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是根据2021年《美国救援计划法》的全部或部分资助（公法117-2）。地理耦合系统由多个在地球磁层中转移太阳能风能和动量的多个领域，向极性离子层和热层（中性上层大气层）组成。 100-200公里的高度区域是最重要的结构域之一，其中磁层能量通过沉淀电荷颗粒和上层大气的相对焦耳加热而消散。然而，该域中的这种血浆中性耦合是Lees理解的，因为它位于众多卫星观察的高度之下，因此在这里只能提供地球表面的遥感技术 - 并且在此高度范围内对中性风和温度的观察是罕见的。在过去的十年中，LiDar仪器在南极麦克穆尔多车站（McMurdo Station）获得的观察结果已经使新科学引人入胜。血浆中性耦合的研究对这些复杂的空间 - 大气相互作用有显着高级理解。该奖项将使多步垂直波耦合的新概念从地面到由McMurdo LiDARS的发现开发的热层。这个概念通过更好地评估下部大气强迫对电离层和热层动力学的影响来帮助推进太空天气建模。通过波浪阻力和混合在极性上层大气上的重力波强度对于广泛的研究问题很重要，包括一般循环建模，大气化学建模，热平衡计算，气流和金属层的研究以及宇宙灰尘影响的估计。绝对温度cimatology的发展对于校准极性热层的卫星观测及其与中层和较低大气的连接至关重要 - 它们是为了验证全球气候模型的验证，并且从现在起数十年将作为基线，评估了不断变化的南极气候中的长期温度趋势。在McMurdo运行的钠和Fe-Boltzmann激光雷达获得了中性大气参数的垂直轮廓，包括在中间体和较低热层区域中的30至〜200 km的温度，垂直风，垂直风以及铁和钠密度。这将为与McMurdo激光雷达的启发有关的复杂物理，化学和地球平衡的复杂物理，化学和动力学有关的新科学问题提供答案。这些研究为培训新一代科学家和工程师提供了独特的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估，被认为是珍贵的支持。

项目成果

Vertical Transport of Sensible Heat and Meteoric Na by the Complete Temporal Spectrum of Gravity Waves in the MLT Above McMurdo (77.84°S, 166.67°E), Antarctica

南极洲麦克默多（77.84°S，166.67°E）上方 MLT 重力波完整时间谱对显热和流星钠的垂直传输

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035728
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Chu, Xinzhao;Gardner, Chester S.;Li, Xianxin;Lin, Cissi Ying‐Tsen
• 通讯作者: Lin, Cissi Ying‐Tsen

Interhemispheric Coupling Study by Observations and Modelling (ICSOM): Concept, Campaigns, and Initial Results

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jd038249
• 发表时间: 2016-03
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Kaoru Sato;Y. Tomikawa;M. Kohma;Ryosuke Yasui;D. Koshin;H. Okui;S. Watanabe;K. Miyazaki;M. Tsutsumi;D. Murphy;C. Meek;Yufang Tian;M. Ern;G. Baumgarten;J. Chau;X. Chu;R. Collins;P. Espy;H. Hashiguchi;A. Kavanagh;R. Latteck;F. Lübken;M. Milla;S. Nozawa;Y. Ogawa;K. Shiokawa;M. Alexander;Takuji Nakamura;W. Ward

Eliminating photon noise biases in the computation of second-order statistics of lidar temperature, wind, and species measurements

消除激光雷达温度、风和物种测量的二阶统计计算中的光子噪声偏差

• DOI: 10.1364/ao.400375
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Applied Optics
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Gardner, Chester S.;Chu, Xinzhao
• 通讯作者: Chu, Xinzhao