Stars, Black Holes, and Disks: Dense Matter Phenomena in 2D Numerical Relativity

恒星、黑洞和圆盘：二维数值相对论中的稠密物质现象

• 批准号: 2110287
• 负责人: Matthew Duez
• 金额: $ 20.47万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110287&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Stars; Black; Holes; Disks; Dense

This award supports research in relativity and relativistic astrophysics and it addresses the priority areas of NSF's "Windows on the Universe" Big Idea. A great deal can be learned about the extremes of strong gravity, about denser-than-nuclei matter, and even about the origin of heavy elements, by studying the collisions of neutron stars with each other or with black holes. Such a binary system emits gravitational waves as the neutron star and its companion spiral together and electromagnetic waves (visible light, infrared, gamma rays, etc.) after the merger. Both signals are sometimes detectable and in some cases have been detected. Numerical simulations that include general relativity are the only way to predict how merger processes unfold, and they've gotten pretty good at modeling the merger and the first few hundredths of a second afterward. The post-merger evolution lasts around a couple of seconds. Although this does not sound long, it is too long to be accessible to 3D numerical simulations, especially because the presence of small-scale turbulent flows makes the grids needed large and the simulations expensive. This project will probe these later times with numerical relativity, following the story of the merger through to completion, when nothing but a stable, quiescent black hole or neutron star remains. The problems of large grid and long time requirements will be dealt with by carrying out 2D simulations (using the rough symmetry about a rotation axis) and carefully-designed models of the effect of turbulent flows on scales to small to be directly captured on the 2D grids. These simulations will include a high degree of realism in the treatment of magnetic fields and neutrino radiation. The techniques and code developed to carry them out will be applicable to other interesting systems with near-axisymmetry, such as collapsing stars.This award supports long-time (multi-second) studies of these strong-gravity, dense-matter systems using the Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC), a high-accuracy numerical relativity code that includes magnetohydrodynamics, nuclear microphysics, and neutrino transport. SpEC's 2D radiation magnetohydrodynamics code will be improved to include 2D spacetime evolution, Monte Carlo neutrino transport, and a mean-field/large-eddy incorporation of the effects of turbulence in the azimuthal direction. Long-time 2D simulations will extend existing compact binary merger simulations for multiple seconds, yielding accurate predictions about disk winds, winds from and possible delayed collapse of a stellar remnant, and GRB energetics. Finally, these numerical techniques will be applied to the first SpEC simulations of black hole formation and growth in a post-collapse, long-duration GRB scenario.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持相对论和相对论天体物理学的研究，并介绍了NSF“宇宙上的Windows”的优先领域。通过研究中性恒星彼此的碰撞或黑洞的碰撞，可以了解有关强度的极端重力，甚至是重型元素的起源，甚至可以从大元素的起源中了解很多。 合并后，这种二进制系统会发出引力波及其同伴螺旋和电磁波（可见光，红外，伽马射线等）。 有时可以检测到这两个信号，在某些情况下已被检测到。包括一般相对性的数值模拟是预测合并过程如何展开的唯一方法，并且它们擅长建模合并以及之后的前几百秒。合并后的演变持续了大约几秒钟。 尽管这听起来不长，但是3D数值模拟的访问时间太长了，尤其是因为存在小规模的湍流流量使网格所需的网格需要大，并且模拟昂贵。 在合并到完成的故事之后，该项目将以数值相对论进行探测，而仅仅是稳定，静止的黑洞或中子之星。 通过进行2D模拟（使用围绕旋转轴的粗糙对称性）和精心设计的湍流流对尺度至小的尺度的效果的模型，将解决大型网格和长时间要求的问题，以直接在2D网格上捕获。 这些模拟将包括在磁场和中微子辐射的处理中的高度现实主义。 为执行它们而开发的技术和代码将适用于其他具有近轴对称性的有趣系统，例如崩溃的星星。本奖项支持长期（多秒）研究这些强烈重力，密集的系统，该系统使用光谱爱因斯坦代码（SPEC），一种高准确的数字复杂性编码，包括高核Hydeto nifodysick，包括Magnetody rodyrodysick，包括Magnetody nifodysick，包括Magnetody nifodysick和Magnety nigodysicksick，包括Magnety Hydrodysick，以及。 SPEC的2D辐射磁水动力学代码将得到改进，包括2D时空进化，蒙特卡洛中微子转运以及湍流在方位角方向上湍流效应的平均场/大型掺入。 长期的2D模拟将将现有的紧凑型二进制合并模拟延长多秒，从而对磁盘风，恒星残留物和GRB Energetics的磁盘，风以及可能的延迟塌陷产生准确的预测。最后，这些数值技术将应用于在爆发后，长期持续性GRB场景中的第一个黑洞形成和增长的规格模拟。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估的值得通过评估的。

项目成果

Late-time post-merger modeling of a compact binary: effects of relativity, r-process heating, and treatment of transport

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/acc0c6
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: Classical and Quantum Gravity
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Milad Haddadi;Matthew D. Duez;F. Foucart;T. Ramirez;Rodrigo Fernández;Alexander L Knight;Jerred Jesse-Jerre

Nonlinear mode-tide coupling in coalescing binary neutron stars with relativistic corrections

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.083001
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Fatemeh Hossein Nouri;S. Bose;Matthew D. Duez;A. Das

Simulating magnetized neutron stars with discontinuous Galerkin methods

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.123031
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 作者: N. Deppe;F. H'ebert;Lawrence E. Kidder;William Throwe;Isha Anantpurkar;C. Armaza;G. Bonilla;M. Boyle;H. Chaudhary;Matthew D. Duez;Nils L. Vu;F. Foucart;M. Giesler;Jason S. Guo;Yoonsoo Kim;Prayush Kumar;I. Legred;Dongjun Li;G. Lovelace;Sizheng Ma;A. Macedo;D. Melchor;M. Morales;Jordan Moxon;Kyle C. Nelli;É. O’Shea;H. Pfeiffer;T. Ramirez;H. Ruter;Jennifer A. Sanchez;M. Scheel;Sierra Thomas;D. Vieira;Nikolas A. Wittek;T. Włodarczyk;S. Teukolsky