Developmental determination of fish jaw protrusion mechanics

鱼颌突出力学的发育测定

基本信息

批准号：
2054285
负责人：
William Cooper
金额：
$ 20.85万
依托单位：
Western Washington University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-20 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2054285&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Developmental determination fish jaw protrusion

项目摘要

This project is targeted at understanding the developmental underpinnings of evolutionary success. Experiments will be carried out to determine how changes in skull development alter one of the most useful biomechanical abilities to ever evolve: Jaw protrusion. One third of living vertebrates belong to two fish lineages that independently evolved the ability to project their upper jaws forward from the face during feeding. These two lineages have remarkably similar protrusion mechanisms and in both cases small changes in upper jaw shape dramatically alter protrusion distance. Fishes with extensive protrusion occupy different ecological niches than those that have limited protrusion due to specialization on different food types. Jaw protrusion does not appear until late development, usually after a pronounced metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone signaling is a major regulator of both metamorphosis and bone formation. Preliminary data demonstrate that changes in thyroid hormone levels can have pronounced effects on the development of protrusion ability. Very little is known about the controls of cranial formation during late development, yet it is during this period that most organisms begin to remodel their bodies in ways that allow them to occupy their adult ecological niches. This project has the potential to illuminate a developmental period of extreme evolutionary significance that has not yet received much investigative attention. This research is being performed in collaboration with a high-school biology teacher-scientist. Aspects of the work are being incorporated in to all units of their biology course and students are performing a study of fish skull development in the classroomFish jaw protrusion during feeding is linked to extraordinary evolutionary success. This study will further integrate the fields of evolutionary functional morphology and developmental biology by investigating the late-developmental controls of skull morphogenesis. A great deal is known about the evolution of skull mechanics, but most studies have examined adult specimens. There is also a large literature on skull development, but most studies have examined early life stages. Adult cranial mechanics arise during juvenile to adult transitions in late development, so understanding the developmental factors that have shaped skull evolution requires study of this time period. Preliminary data indicate that juvenile diet and thyroid hormone signaling are important determinants of protrusion ability via their affects on the formation of the premaxillary bone. Premaxilla shape determines maximum protrusion ability. This project will investigate the developmental determinants of premaxilla shape variation in order to better understand the evolvability of jaw protrusion. Research will examine the developmental controls of jaw protrusion in the zebrafish and two closely related species with different protrusion abilities. This project has the following aims: 1) to determine if thyroid hormone production affects the development of zebrafish jaw protrusion; 2) to determine if feeding on biomechanically different diets affects protrusion development in the zebrafish and two closely related species; 3) to determine if altered thyroid hormone production affects mRNA expression levels in developing zebrafish jaws; and 4) to identify genetic loci associated with jaw protrusion ability.

该项目旨在了解进化成功的发展基础。将进行实验，以确定颅骨发育的变化如何改变有史以来最有用的生物力学能力之一：下颌突出。三分之一的活脊椎动物属于两个鱼谱系，它们独立发展了在进食期间将其上下颌向前投射的能力。这两个谱系具有非常相似的突出机制，在这两种情况下，上颌形状的小变化都显着改变了突出距离。与由于对不同食物类型的专业化而导致的散发性的鱼类的生态壁细分市场不同。通常在明显的变态后，下颌突出才出现直到晚期发育。甲状腺激素信号传导是变形和骨形成的主要调节剂。初步数据表明，甲状腺激素水平的变化可能会对突起能力的发展产生明显影响。关于晚期发育过程中颅骨形成的控制知之甚少，但是在此期间，大多数生物体开始以使它们占据成人生态壁ches的方式重塑其身体。该项目有可能阐明尚未受到很多调查关注的极端进化意义的发展时期。这项研究是与高中生物学教师科学家合作进行的。这项工作的各个方面都被纳入其生物学课程的所有单元，学生正在对喂养过程中的鱼骨头发育进行研究，这与非凡的进化成功有关。这项研究将进一步整合进化功能形态学和发育生物学领域，通过研究颅骨形态发生的后期控制。关于颅骨力学的演变已经了解很多，但是大多数研究都检查了成人标本。还有关于颅骨发育的大量文献，但是大多数研究都检查了早期的生命阶段。成年颅颅力学在幼年中出现了成年后期的过渡，因此了解塑造头骨进化的发育因素需要研究这段时间。初步数据表明，少年饮食和甲状腺激素信号传导是突出能力的重要决定因素，它们对它们对上颌骨的形成的影响。前胸膜形状决定最大的突出能力。该项目将研究前甲虫形状变化的发育决定因素，以便更好地了解颌骨突出的发展性。研究将检查斑马鱼中下颌突出的发育控制和具有不同突出能力的两个密切相关的物种。该项目具有以下目的：1）确定甲状腺激素的产生是否影响斑马鱼颌骨的发展； 2）确定以生物力学不同的饮食为食，是否会影响斑马鱼和两个密切相关的物种的突起发展； 3）确定甲状腺激素的改变是否会影响发育中的斑马鱼颌骨的mRNA表达水平； 4）确定与颌骨突出能力相关的遗传基因座。