EAGER: An On-ice GNSS Research Experimental Network for Greenland

EAGER：格陵兰冰上 GNSS 研究实验网络

• 批准号: 2028421
• 负责人: Robert Hawley
• 金额: $ 25.85万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2028421&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; ice; GNSS; Research; Experimental

In understanding the large-scale changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet, wide coverage is needed. While aircraft and satellites produce extensive elevation-change datasets, and regional climate models predict snowfall at high resolution, both systems require calibration and validation by on-the-ice means. Hence, there is a need for extensive on-ice elevation survey data in Greenland, typically collected using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Ground-based traverses have been highly successful in collecting such on-ice information. Similarly, on-ice static GPS stations have been installed for short-term glaciology projects. Both approaches, however, suffer significant drawbacks. The first is cost. Ground traverses are logistically complex and expensive. For traditional static stations, the high cost is associated with the hardware and the transport of large numbers of batteries due to the power required to run these stations through the dark winter. The second is limitations in spatial and temporal coverage. Traverses offer excellent spatial coverage, but temporally only a single snapshot in time over the traverse route. Conversely, static stations offer excellent temporal resolution, but operate at a fixed point and thus limited spatial resolution. This project will create a dense network of static on-ice GPS stations in Greenland. New GPS technology allows for a reduction in costs by leveraging the newest generation of chipsets, which offer extremely low power consumption. While currently unproven for collecting science data on ice sheets, these chipsets are now integrated in the current generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and, when operated using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) corrections in these situations, claim centimeter-scale positioning accuracy. Over three phases, the project will 1) install a network of stations in the study area; 2) develop a standalone GNSS receiver station for deployment outside the original network; and 3) deploy a wider network of stations on the Greenland Ice Sheet. This project will also integrate research and education by supporting a graduate student who will be actively involved in all aspects of the project, and by partnering with the Women in Science Project to train a first-year female undergraduate student during a 20-week internship in each year of the project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

要了解格陵兰冰盖的大规模变化，需要广泛的覆盖范围。虽然飞机和卫星产生广泛的海拔变化数据集，并且区域气候模型以高分辨率预测降雪，但这两个系统都需要通过冰上手段进行校准和验证。因此，格陵兰岛需要大量的冰上海拔调查数据，通常使用全球定位系统（GPS）收集。地面穿越在收集此类冰上信息方面非常成功。同样，冰上静态 GPS 站也已安装用于短期冰川学项目。然而，这两种方法都有明显的缺点。首先是成本。地面穿越在后勤上是复杂且昂贵的。对于传统的静态站来说，由于在黑暗的冬天运行这些站需要电力，因此硬件和大量电池的运输成本很高。二是空间和时间覆盖范围的限制。 遍历提供了出色的空间覆盖范围，但在时间上只有遍历路线上的单个快照。相反，静态站提供出色的时间分辨率，但在固定点运行，因此空间分辨率有限。该项目将在格陵兰岛创建一个密集的静态冰上 GPS 站网络。新的 GPS 技术利用最新一代的芯片组，功耗极低，可以降低成本。虽然目前尚未证实这些芯片组可用于收集冰盖上的科学数据，但这些芯片组现已集成到最新一代的无人机 (UAV) 中，并且在这些情况下使用实时运动学 (RTK) 校正进行操作时，可达到厘米级的定位精度。该项目分三个阶段进行：1）在研究区域安装站网； 2）开发独立的GNSS接收站，部署在原有网络之外； 3）在格陵兰冰盖上部署更广泛的监测站网络。该项目还将通过支持一名研究生积极参与该项目的各个方面来整合研究和教育，并与女性科学项目合作，在 20 周的实习期间培训一名一年级女本科生。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Performance characterization of a new, low-cost multi-GNSS instrument for the cryosphere

用于冰冻圈的新型低成本多 GNSS 仪器的性能表征

• DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.97
• 发表时间: 2024-01
• 期刊: Journal of Glaciology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Pickell, Derek James;Hawley, Robert Lyman
• 通讯作者: Hawley, Robert Lyman