Island mass effects on planktonic communities in the open ocean

岛屿质量对公海浮游生物群落的影响

• 批准号: 2025402
• 负责人: Lee Karp-Boss
• 金额: $ 36.73万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2025402&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Island; mass; effects; planktonic; communities

This study is using existing data to characterize the Island Mass Effect (IME) at 20 locations across the Pacific Ocean. The Island Mass Effect occurs when islands and atolls alter atmospheric and oceanic circulation, resulting in local enrichment of surface waters with nutrients. Local fertilization, in turn, promotes phytoplankton blooms and high plankton biomass that can be advected into the surrounding open ocean and enhance regions of low nutrient availability and low plankton biomass. The Island Mass Effect (IME) is thought to be sufficiently important to affect regional fisheries and biogeochemical processes, but most of our current understanding of this phenomenon comes from satellite remote sensing observations of elevated chlorophyll concentrations that serve as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. This project entails a systematic, basin-scale evaluation of changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and composition along environmental gradients from the lagoons and coastal water of islands into the open ocean. The study is making use of a large dataset collected during the TARA Pacific expedition (2016-2018), and results are providing new information about marine ecological responses to IME and the plankton inventories needed to improve ecosystem models for under sampled regions of the world’s oceans. In addition to supporting graduate and undergraduate students, this project offers a training workshop for early career scientists on best practices for the collection and processing of ship-based underway data.Islands in the oligotrophic gyres of the Pacific Oceans alter oceanic and atmospheric circulation and provide sources of fertilization to promote local phytoplankton blooms. This so-called Island Mass Effect (IME) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean where vast areas are known to be limited by the availability of macro- and micro-nutrients, yet it is mostly understood from satellite remote sensing observations of elevated chlorophyll concentrations. Beyond remote sensing of chlorophyll, concurrent changes in plankton community composition and structure have been examined for only a small number of islands, limiting our understanding of the biological responses to IME. In this project, the investigators are examining the IME at 20 locations by evaluating phytoplankton community composition, mesozooplankton biomass, and plankton diversity. The investigators are making use of a comprehensive data set collected during the TARA Pacific expedition (2016-2018) that includes: environmental measurements (temperature, salinity, nutrients and trace metals), plankton samples (flow cytometry, plankton imaging, pigments, and genomics), high resolution measurements of optical properties from which biogeochemical proxies are derived, satellite remote sensing data (chlorophyll, temperature, sea surface height), and currents from an ocean circulation model (Mercator Oceans).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究利用现有数据来描述太平洋 20 个地点的岛屿质量效应 (IME)，当岛屿和环礁改变大气和海洋环流，导致局部地表水富集营养物质时，就会发生岛屿质量效应。反过来，促进浮游植物大量繁殖和高浮游生物生物量，这些浮游生物生物量可以通过平流输送到周围的公海，并增强低营养物质可用性和低浮游生物生物量的区域。 （IME）被认为对影响区域渔业和生物地球化学过程非常重要，但我们目前对这一现象的大部分了解来自对叶绿素浓度的卫星遥感观测，该浓度可作为浮游植物生物量的代表。 ，从泻湖和岛屿沿海水域到公海的浮游植物和浮游动物生物量和组成沿环境梯度变化的流域规模评估该研究正在利用大型数据集。 TARA 太平洋考察期间（2016-2018 年）收集的结果除了为研究生和本科生提供支持外，还提供了有关海洋生态对 IME 的响应以及改进世界海洋采样不足区域的生态系统模型所需的浮游生物清单的新信息。 ，该项目为早期职业科学家提供关于收集和处理基于船的持续数据的最佳实践的培训研讨会。太平洋贫营养环流中的岛屿改变海洋和大气环流并提供来源这种所谓的岛屿质量效应（IME）是太平洋中普遍存在的现象，众所周知，太平洋上的大片地区受到大量和微量营养素供应的限制，但人们对此的了解却最为广泛。来自卫星遥感观测的叶绿素浓度升高 除了叶绿素遥感之外，仅对少数岛屿的浮游生物群落组成和结构的同时变化进行了检查，限制了我们对 IME 的生物反应的理解。在该项目中，研究人员正在通过评估浮游植物群落组成、中生动物生物量和浮游生物多样性来检查 20 个地点的 IME。研究人员正在利用 TARA 太平洋探险（2016-2018 年）期间收集的综合数据集，其中包括：环境测量（温度、盐度、营养物质和微量金属）、浮游生物样本（流式细胞术、浮游生物成像、色素和基因组学）、高分辨率衍生生物地球化学代理的光学特性测量、卫星遥感数据（叶绿素、温度、海面高度）以及海洋环流模型（墨卡托海洋）的洋流。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得支持通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。