Collaborative Research: Moving Beyond the Margins: Modeling Water Availability and Habitable Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Polar Desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys

合作研究：超越边缘：麦克默多干谷极地沙漠的水资源可用性和宜居陆地生态系统建模

• 批准号: 2044924
• 负责人: John Barrett
• 金额: $ 24.98万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2044924&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Moving; Beyond; Margins

Part I: Non-technical description: Water is life and nowhere is it more notable than in deserts. Within the drylands on Earth, the Antarctic deserts, represented in this study by the McMurdo Dry Valleys, exemplify life in extreme environments with scarce water, low temperatures and long periods of darkness during the polar winter. There is a scarcity of methods to determine water availability, data necessary to predict which species are successful in the drylands, unless measurements are done manually or with field instruments. This project aims to develop a new method of determining soil moisture and use the new data to identify locations suitable for life. Combining these habitats with known species distributions in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, results from this project will predict which species should be present, and also what is the expected species distribution in a changing environment. In this way the project takes advantage of a combination of methods, from recent remote sensing products, ecological models and 30 years of field collections to bring a prediction of how life might change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys in a warmer, and possibly, moister future climate. This project benefits the National Science Foundation goals of expanding fundamental knowledge of Antarctic biota and the processes that sustain life in extreme environments. The knowledge acquired in this project will be disseminated to other drylands through training of high-school curricular programming in Native American communities of the SouthWest. Part II: Technical description: Terrestrial environments in Antarctica are characterized by low liquid water supply, sub-zero temperatures and the polar night in winter months. During summer, melting of snow patches, seasonal steams from glacial melt and vicinity to lakes provide a variety of environments that maintain life, not yet studied at landscape-scale level for habitat suitability and the processes that drive them. This project proposes to integrate remote sensing, hydrological models and ecological models to establish habitat suitability for species in the McMurdo Dry Valleys based on water availability. The approach is at a landscape level in order to establish present-day and future scenarios of species distribution. There are four main objectives: remote sensing development of moisture levels in soils, combining biological and soil data, building and calibrating models of habitat suitability by combining species distribution and environmental variability and applying statistical species distribution model. The field data to develop habitat suitability and calibration of models will leverage a the 30-year dataset collected by the McMurdo Long-Term Ecological Research program. Mechanistic models developed will be essential to predict species distribution in future climate scenarios. Training of post-doctoral researchers and a graduate student will prepare for the next generation of Antarctic scientists. Results from this project will train high-school students from native American communities in the SouthWest where similar desert conditions exist.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：非技术描述：水是生命，没有比沙漠更著名的。在地球上的旱地中，麦克穆尔多干山谷（McMurdo Dry Valleys）在这项研究中代表的南极沙漠中，在极地冬季的稀缺水，低温和长时间黑暗的极端环境中体现了生活。除非手动进行测量或使用现场仪器进行测量，否则确定供水的方法缺乏确定供水的方法，即预测哪些物种成功的数据。该项目旨在开发一种确定土壤水分的新方法，并使用新数据来识别适合生活的位置。将这些栖息地与McMurdo Dry Valleys中的已知物种分布相结合，该项目的结果将预测应该存在哪些物种，以及在不断变化的环境中预期的物种分布是什么。通过这种方式，从最近的遥感产品，生态模型和30年的野外收集中，该项目利用了方法的结合，以预测麦克穆尔多干山谷的生活如何在温暖的情况下变化，甚至可能是Moister的未来气候。 该项目受益于扩大南极生物群岛基本知识以及在极端环境中维持生命的过程的基本知识的目标。该项目获得的知识将通过培训西南美洲原住民社区的高中课程节目来传播到其他旱地。第二部分：技术描述：南极洲的地面环境的特征是液体供水低，零度低于零的温度和冬季的极性夜晚。在夏季，积雪的融化，冰川融化和附近到湖泊的季节性蒸汽提供了各种维持生活的环境，尚未在景观规模的栖息地层面上进行栖息地适合性以及驱动它们的过程。该项目建议将遥感，水文模型和生态模型整合起来，以根据水的供应性建立McMurdo Dry Valleys中物种的栖息地。该方法是在景观水平上，以建立物种分布的当今和未来情况。有四个主要目标：土壤中的水分水平的遥感发展，结合了生物学和土壤数据，通过结合物种分布和环境变异性以及应用统计物种分布模型来结合生物栖息地适用性的建筑和校准模型。开发栖息地适用性和校准模型的现场数据将利用McMurdo长期生态研究计划收集的30年数据集。开发的机械模型对于预测未来气候场景中的物种分布至关重要。对博士后研究人员和研究生的培训将为下一代南极科学家做准备。该项目的结果将培训来自存在类似沙漠条件的西南美洲原住民社区的高中生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Remotely characterizing photosynthetic biocrust in snowpack-fed microhabitats of Taylor Valley, Antarctica

• DOI: 10.1016/j.srs.2024.100120
• 发表时间: 2024-02-24
• 期刊: SCIENCE OF REMOTE SENSING
• 作者: Power，Sarah N.;Salvatore，Mark R.;Barrett，J. E.
• 通讯作者: Barrett，J. E.

The Distribution of Surface Soil Moisture over Space and Time in Eastern Taylor Valley, Antarctica

• DOI: 10.3390/rs15123170
• 发表时间: 2023-06-01
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Salvatore，Mark R.;Barrett，John E.;Doran，Peter T.
• 通讯作者: Doran，Peter T.