Collaborative Research: Moving Beyond the Margins: Modeling Water Availability and Habitable Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Polar Desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys

合作研究：超越边缘：麦克默多干谷极地沙漠的水资源可用性和宜居陆地生态系统建模

• 批准号: 2044924
• 负责人: John Barrett
• 金额: $ 24.98万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2044924&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Moving; Beyond; Margins

Part I: Non-technical description: Water is life and nowhere is it more notable than in deserts. Within the drylands on Earth, the Antarctic deserts, represented in this study by the McMurdo Dry Valleys, exemplify life in extreme environments with scarce water, low temperatures and long periods of darkness during the polar winter. There is a scarcity of methods to determine water availability, data necessary to predict which species are successful in the drylands, unless measurements are done manually or with field instruments. This project aims to develop a new method of determining soil moisture and use the new data to identify locations suitable for life. Combining these habitats with known species distributions in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, results from this project will predict which species should be present, and also what is the expected species distribution in a changing environment. In this way the project takes advantage of a combination of methods, from recent remote sensing products, ecological models and 30 years of field collections to bring a prediction of how life might change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys in a warmer, and possibly, moister future climate. This project benefits the National Science Foundation goals of expanding fundamental knowledge of Antarctic biota and the processes that sustain life in extreme environments. The knowledge acquired in this project will be disseminated to other drylands through training of high-school curricular programming in Native American communities of the SouthWest. Part II: Technical description: Terrestrial environments in Antarctica are characterized by low liquid water supply, sub-zero temperatures and the polar night in winter months. During summer, melting of snow patches, seasonal steams from glacial melt and vicinity to lakes provide a variety of environments that maintain life, not yet studied at landscape-scale level for habitat suitability and the processes that drive them. This project proposes to integrate remote sensing, hydrological models and ecological models to establish habitat suitability for species in the McMurdo Dry Valleys based on water availability. The approach is at a landscape level in order to establish present-day and future scenarios of species distribution. There are four main objectives: remote sensing development of moisture levels in soils, combining biological and soil data, building and calibrating models of habitat suitability by combining species distribution and environmental variability and applying statistical species distribution model. The field data to develop habitat suitability and calibration of models will leverage a the 30-year dataset collected by the McMurdo Long-Term Ecological Research program. Mechanistic models developed will be essential to predict species distribution in future climate scenarios. Training of post-doctoral researchers and a graduate student will prepare for the next generation of Antarctic scientists. Results from this project will train high-school students from native American communities in the SouthWest where similar desert conditions exist.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：非技术性描述：水就是生命，没有什么地方比沙漠更引人注目了。在地球上的旱地中，南极沙漠（本研究中以麦克默多干谷为代表）体现了极地冬季缺水、低温和长时间黑暗的极端环境中的生命。除非手动或使用现场仪器进行测量，否则缺乏确定可用水量的方法以及预测哪些物种在旱地成功所需的数据。该项目旨在开发一种确定土壤湿度的新方法，并使用新数据来确定适合生命的地点。将这些栖息地与麦克默多干谷的已知物种分布相结合，该项目的结果将预测应该存在哪些物种，以及在不断变化的环境中预期的物种分布是什么。通过这种方式，该项目利用了最新遥感产品、生态模型和 30 年实地采集等多种方法的优势，预测了麦克默多干旱山谷的生命在更温暖、可能更湿润的未来可能发生的变化。气候。 该项目有利于美国国家科学基金会的目标，即扩大南极生物群的基础知识以及极端环境下维持生命的过程。该项目中获得的知识将通过西南部美洲原住民社区的高中课程规划培训传播到其他旱地。第二部分：技术描述：南极洲陆地环境的特点是液态水供应量低、气温低于零度、冬季极夜。在夏季，雪地融化、冰川融化和湖泊附近的季节性蒸汽提供了维持生命的各种环境，但尚未在景观尺度上研究栖息地的适宜性和驱动它们的过程。该项目建议整合遥感、水文模型和生态模型，根据可用水量确定麦克默多干谷物种的栖息地适宜性。该方法是在景观层面上进行的，目的是建立当前和未来的物种分布情景。有四个主要目标：土壤湿度的遥感开发、结合生物和土壤数据、结合物种分布和环境变异性建立和校准栖息地适宜性模型以及应用统计物种分布模型。用于开发栖息地适宜性和模型校准的现场数据将利用麦克默多长期生态研究计划收集的 30 年数据集。开发的机制模型对于预测未来气候情景中的物种分布至关重要。博士后研究人员和研究生的培训将为下一代南极科学家做好准备。该项目的成果将培训来自西南部美国原住民社区的高中生，那里存在类似的沙漠条件。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Remotely characterizing photosynthetic biocrust in snowpack-fed microhabitats of Taylor Valley, Antarctica

• DOI: 10.1016/j.srs.2024.100120
• 发表时间: 2024-02-24
• 期刊: SCIENCE OF REMOTE SENSING
• 作者: Power，Sarah N.;Salvatore，Mark R.;Barrett，J. E.
• 通讯作者: Barrett，J. E.

The Distribution of Surface Soil Moisture over Space and Time in Eastern Taylor Valley, Antarctica

• DOI: 10.3390/rs15123170
• 发表时间: 2023-06-01
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Salvatore，Mark R.;Barrett，John E.;Doran，Peter T.
• 通讯作者: Doran，Peter T.