Collaborative Research: RUI: "CSI Devonian" - testing Late Devonian ocean anoxia proxies across different paleoenvironments

合作研究：RUI：“CSI Devonian” - 测试不同古环境中的晚泥盆世海洋缺氧代理

• 批准号: 2044224
• 负责人: Diana Boyer
• 金额: $ 4.75万
• 依托单位: Winthrop University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-11-01 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2044224&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RUI; CSI; Devonian

How do scientists determine the cause of a mass extinction? Long before the dinosaurs, marine animals that lived during the Late Devonian time period (383-359 million years ago) were affected by a series of catastrophic events, including some of the most severe and widespread die-offs in Earth’s history. Unlike all of the other major mass extinctions in Earth's history, the reasons for this series of biological crises still remain unclear. Most scientists think that these extinction events were due to loss of oxygen from the oceans, but the severity of oxygen loss can be hard to decipher in the rock record. The tools we typically use to recognize oxygen loss in marine environments (trace fossils, microfossils, sediment type, and chemical signatures) were developed for rock types where oxygen loss is both easy to preserve and to recognize. But do these tools also work in places where oxygen loss is not as easy to preserve or recognize in the rock record? This project seeks to determine if the most commonly used methods for determining ancient ocean oxygen levels work across all marine environments, or only a subset of them. Through this process, the investigators will develop a comprehensive set of best practices for assessing oxygen loss in marine sediments (regardless of geologic setting), which in turn will help fine-tune the causes of the Late Devonian extinction pulses. This project will involve faculty and undergraduate researchers across three undergraduate institutions and will create online learning modules (primarily videos with accompanying data sets and teacher training materials) aligned with Next Generation Science Standards for both in-person and remote learning for grades 6-12. This online dissemination model (called “CSI: Devonian”) not only expands the geographic reach of this project, but can be used in flipped classroom teaching environments, homeschooling, and periods of remote learning. Late Devonian extinction events at the 372 Ma Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) boundary and 359 Ma Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C) boundary are some of the most severe mass extinctions in Earth's history. Despite 150 studies of ocean anoxia across the Kellwasser Events and Hangenberg Black Shale Event using a variety of geochemical and trace fossil proxies, Late Devonian ocean anoxia is still a mystery and considerable sample bias, both in terms of paleogeography and paleoenvironment, hinders this work. We seek funding to form an internally consistent dataset for rocks that span disparate paleoenvironments and paleogeographic locations, in order to both calibrate and validate the utility of the most commonly used ocean anoxia proxies. We propose to develop a comprehensive set of best practices for evaluating oxygen loss in ancient marine environments using the same anoxia proxy methodology (total organic carbon, organic walled microfossils, δ34SPY, δ34SCAS, δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg, trace element geochemistry, pyrite framboid distributions, and ichnofabrics) across a variety of sites and existing sample sets so that proxy utility can be assessed in different paleoenvironments and sedimentary regimes. The sample range will include baseline pre-anoxic conditions, anoxic conditions, and post-anoxic/extinction rebound conditions. In addition to determining the best practices for proxy application (regardless of time period, anoxic event, or depositional environment), our resulting dataset will help inform reconstructions of Late Devonian ocean currents, climate, tectonics, ecosystems, and extinctions. The proposed research is a cooperative effort by three universities involving multiple international and domestic collaborators and focuses heavily on undergraduate training and mentorship. The proposal also seeks to develop an interactive “CSI: Devonian” online learning module geared towards students in grades 6-12 that is aligned with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which focuses on how scientists a) collaborate on research in real life and b) use empirical evidence to derive scientific explanations of different phenomena.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

科学家如何确定质量扩展的原因？在恐龙恐龙（Dinosaurs）很久以前，在泥盆纪晚期（383-3.59亿年前）生活的海洋动物受到一系列灾难性事件的影响，其中包括地球历史上一些最严重，最严重和最宽泛的死亡。与地球历史上的所有其他主要扩展不同，这一系列生物危机的原因仍然不清楚。大多数科学家认为这些扩展事件是由于海洋中的氧气损失造成的，但是在岩石记录中，氧气损失的严重程度可能很难破译。我们通常用来识别海洋环境中氧损失的工具（痕量化石，微化石，沉积物类型和化学特征）是针对易于保存和识别的氧气损失的岩石类型的。但是，这些工具还可以在氧气损失不那么容易保存或识别的地方起作用吗？该项目旨在确定确定在所有海洋环境中或仅一部分子集的最常用方法来确定古老的海洋氧气水平。通过这一过程，研究人员将开发一系列最佳实践，以评估海洋沉积物中的氧损失（无论地质环境如何），这反过来又有助于微调泥盆纪晚期延伸脉冲的原因。该项目将涉及三个本科机构的教职员工和本科研究人员，并将创建在线学习模块（主要是带有参与数据集和教师培训材料的视频），该模块与下一代科学标准相符，用于6至12年级的面对面和远程学习。这种在线传播模型（称为“ CSI：DEVONIAN”）不仅扩大了该项目的地理范围，而且可以用于翻转的课堂教学环境，家庭学校和远程学习时期。 372 Ma Frasnian-Famennian（F-F）边界和359 MA泥盆纪（D-C）边界的泥盆纪晚期延伸事件是地球历史上最严重的质量扩展。尽管在凯尔瓦瑟（Kellwasser）事件中进行了150次海洋缺氧和Hangenberg Black页岩事件，但使用各种地球化学和痕量化石代理进行了研究，但在古地理和古环境方面，晚期的泥盆纪海洋缺氧仍然是一种神秘且相当大的样本偏见。我们寻求资金来形成一个内部一致的数据集，用于跨越不同古环境和古地理位置的岩石，以校准和验证最常用的海洋缺氧代理的实用性。 We propose to develop a comprehensive set of best practices for evaluating oxygen loss in ancient marine environments using the same anoxia proxy methodology (total organic carbon, organic walled microfossils, δ34SPY, δ34SCAS, δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg, trace element geochemistry, pyrite framboid distributions, and ichonfabrics) across a variety of sites and现有样品集，以便可以在不同的古环境和沉积物中评估代理公用事业。样本范围将包括基线前的氧化病，缺氧条件和灭火后/灭绝弹性条件。除了确定代理应用的最佳实践（无论时间段，缺氧事件或沉积环境）外，我们的结果数据集还将有助于为泥盆纪晚期洋流，气候，构造，生态系统和扩展的重建提供信息。拟议的研究是三所大学的合作努力，涉及多个国际和国内合作者，并专注于本科培训和心态。该提案还试图开发一种互动性的“ CSI：DEVONIAN”在线学习模块，适用于6 - 12年级的学生，该模块与下一代科学标准（NGSS）保持一致，该模块（NGSS）的重点是科学家在现实生活中如何进行研究和B）使用经验证据来通过对不同的现象进行了经验证据来证明N. STAPENTION nive and STATERIDEN。基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。