Collaborative Research: Tapping an unused biomarker for insights of past evaporation

合作研究：利用未使用的生物标记来了解过去的蒸发

• 批准号: 2039939
• 负责人: Gregory Wiles
• 金额: $ 9.88万
• 依托单位: College of Wooster
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2039939&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Tapping; unused; biomarker

Changes to the hydrological cycle, including precipitation and evaporation, have impacts on society and ecosystems at local to global scales. Therefore, it is critical to understand how the hydrological cycle responds to changes in climate as warming forces documented and projected changes in precipitation and extreme events. However, the effects of warming on evaporation are more challenging to anticipate, and without the evaporation term, the complete water budget cannot be constrained. By utilizing various existing proxies preserved in lake sediments, it is possible to track past precipitation and temperature, however there are few proxies that record evaporation. This project will help fill in this gap by developing the use of a group of biologically produced organic compounds called highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs). These HBIs are produced by diatoms and should contain a chemical signal of the lake water the diatoms live in. This project will focus on this connection between the HBIs and the signal of evaporation through a series of field-based modern calibrations and apply these calibrations to recent lake sediment archives to test their ability to reproduce evaporation. The goal of this work is to advance evaporation reconstruction both temporally and spatially, ultimately improving paleohydrologic reconstructions and future predictions of hydrologic change. The national health, prosperity and welfare can be safeguarded with a more complete understating of the evolution of the hydrological cycle. This collaborative project with The College of Wooster will provide research opportunities to undergraduate students while developing mentoring skills and experience for the UC graduate students. The Browns Lake field site in Ohio will be used in to help students gain field and lab experiences during summer programs at Wooster designed to recruit STEM students into the geosciences from underrepresented groups. This project will provide training in project design, data synthesis, interpretation and dissemination for graduate students. This research will also increase broader public knowledge and awareness of climate change by creating hands-on activities at the Northside Farmer’s Market in Cincinnati. This project will advance the use of hydrogen isotopes to reconstruct lake evaporation and hence contribute to the understanding of past hydrologic balance. Specifically, this work will consider diatom-derived highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) as a paleohydrology proxy. If the hydrogen isotopes of HBIs record lake water hydrogen isotopes, then, when combined with other proxies, past records of lake water evaporation can be generated to constrain the complete hydrologic cycle. To accomplish this, this project will first investigate how diatom growth habitat, water chemistry, and timing of HBI synthesis influences the hydrogen isotopic composition of HBIs. Diatom HBIs will be collected from pelagic and benthic habitats across a suite of lakes that vary in water chemistry (i.e., pH, salinity), as this influences diatom species composition. The timing of seasonality of HBI production will be determined by collection of bimonthly sediment trap samples from Brown’s Lake in northeastern Ohio over two years. Once these controls on HBI hydrogen isotopes are addressed, this project will then determine the sensitivity of HBI hydrogen isotopes in sediment archives to known changes in local hydroclimate. This will be completed by examining HBIs in lake sediments where established records of evaporation and precipitation already exist. The development of HBIs proposed here will provide site selection criteria and necessary calibration information to use hydrogen isotopes of HBIs as a proxy for lake water evaporation, ultimately improving paleohydrological reconstructions from lake sediments. The project broader impacts will benefit society by 1) establishing a partnership with the College of Wooster, a primarily undergraduate institution, by creating research experiences for undergraduate students that will further the research proposed here; 2) creating a unique opportunity for undergraduate students to gain advanced and critical research skills, beyond the classroom, and preparing them for careers in the geosciences or STEM fields; 3) providing training in project design, data synthesis, interpretation and dissemination for graduate and undergraduate students in addition to mentoring students to enhance educational and career development; 4) encouraging the inclusion of and increasing the number of women in STEM by providing support for, and the training of the Ph.D. student, along with support for the training of undergraduate students; and 5) public outreach in the form of geoscience hands-on activities at the Northside Farmer’s Market in Cincinnati, a unique venue to help increase broader public knowledge and awareness of climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

水文学周期的变化，包括降水和蒸发，对全球局部的社会和生态系统产生影响，这对于气候中的水文学周期变化至关重要，因为记录的变暖力量和预测的变化。但是，蒸发的蒸发是有挑战的，没有蒸发期限，完全可以通过使用保存在湖泊沉积物中的各种现有的预算来限制。 . Organic Compounds Called HighLy Branched Isoprenords (HBIS). These Hbis are Produced by Diatoms and Shoud Contain a Chemical Signal Signal of The Lake Water The Diatoms Live in. This Connection Between The Signal of Evaporation Through a Series of Field-BAS OF. Ed现代校准并将校准应用于最近的湖泊沉积物，以测试其蒸发的能力。与遗嘱学院的合作项目有关，将为俄亥俄州布朗斯湖实地学生提供指导技能和经验，在夏季夏季课程中获得领域的经验Wo Oster旨在将学生招募到代表性不足的团体中。了解过去的水文平衡。首先研究硅藻生长栖息地，水化学和HBI的氢同位素组成的时间如何，因为这会影响diotom物种的时间一旦解决了HBI氢同位素的控件，该项目的季节性在俄亥俄州湖的季节性捕获样品。这将开发HBIS选择选择标准和必要的校准，以使用HBI的氢同位素作为湖水蒸发的代理，最终改善了从湖泊沉积物中的古水域重建。在这里进行了研究，并为地球科学或STEM领域的职业做准备；通过提供支持和博士学位的培训，以及对辛辛那提MER的培训的支持，鼓励和增加STEM的妇女数量。这项大奖奖反映了使用Toundation的Revader的影响标准的NSF'Sf'Stututory nsf'sf'Stututory。