Collaborative research: Patterns, causes, and consequences of synchrony in giant kelp populations

合作研究：巨型海带种群同步性的模式、原因和后果

• 批准号: 2023523
• 负责人: Kyle Cavanaugh
• 金额: $ 10.91万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2023523&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Patterns; causes; consequences

Populations of organisms located in different, often far-apart places can change over time in similar ways. This natural phenomenon, known as synchrony, is important to many issues affecting societal well-being, such as those in medicine, public health, conservation, and natural resource management. For instance, synchrony is critical to the persistence, stability, and resilience of plant and animal populations, and can have cascading effects on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and associated benefits to society. However, many aspects of synchrony are poorly resolved. For example, understanding the influence of multiple potential drivers of synchrony—such as climatic events and predators—has been a longstanding challenge in ecology. Moreover, the causes of synchrony may change over space, time, and timescale (e.g., annual vs. decadal synchrony), but this potential is rarely explored, especially in marine ecosystems. The consequences of synchrony for the dynamics of diverse ecological communities, and the potential for synchrony to have cascading effects across ecosystem boundaries (e.g., from sea to land), are also understudied. Addressing these gaps is especially pressing because growing evidence indicates that climate change may alter patterns of synchrony, potentially leading to diminished spatial resilience of ecosystems. This project studies coastal kelp forests and sandy beach ecosystems to address several current gaps in the understanding of synchrony. The project generates knowledge to improve the understanding of these economically-valuable environments and the many organisms that they sustain. Broader impacts extend through the mentorship of researchers across career stages and student training in coastal ecology and data science. To improve educational opportunities for students from groups underrepresented in science, the project creates a Coastal-Heartland Marine Biology Exchange, in which undergraduates from the Midwest travel to California to carry out coastal field research, and undergraduates from Los Angeles interested in marine biology travel to Kansas to learn biostatistics. To benefit the management of kelp forests in California that have suffered dramatic declines in recent years, workshops will be hosted with coastal managers, conservation practitioners, and other stakeholders to identify restoration sites to enhance regional recovery, stability, and resilience. Methods, software, and data that are useable across scientific disciplines are published online following reproducible and transparent standards.The objective of this project is to investigate the patterns and causes of synchrony in giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests and the consequences for coastal ecosystem structure and function. By integrating and leveraging numerous long-term, large-scale datasets and analyzing them with new statistical techniques, the investigators assess how oceanographic conditions, propagule dispersal, and sea urchin herbivory interact to structure the synchrony and stability of giant kelp populations over the past 36 years across 10 degrees of latitude in the northeast Pacific Ocean. New wavelet modeling tools and other statistical techniques are used to quantify the drivers of synchrony and how they operate across geography, time, and timescales. Using a 20-year spatial timeseries of reef biodiversity, it will be determined how giant kelp and other factors induce synchrony in a speciose community of understory algae through ‘cascades of synchrony’. Moreover, the team tests the degree to which giant kelp synchrony propagates across ecosystem boundaries to sandy beaches through the transport and deposition of allochthonous organic matter (kelp wrack), and how such spatial subsidies produce bottom-up cascades of synchrony to beach invertebrates and shorebirds.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

位于不同，遥远的地方的生物种群随着时间的流逝而变化。这种自然现象（称为同步）对于影响社会福祉的许多问题，例如医学，公共卫生，保护和自然资源管理的问题很重要。例如，同步对动植物种群的持久性，稳定性和韧性至关重要，并且可能对生物多样性，生态系统功能以及对社会的相关利益产生级联影响。但是，同步的许多方面都无法解决。例如，了解同步的多个潜在驱动因素（例如慢性事件和捕食者）的影响是生态学的长期挑战。此外，同步的原因可能会随着时空，时间和时间表（例如年度与十年同步）的变化而发生变化，但是很少探索这种潜力，尤其是在海洋生态系统中。同步对各种生态社区动态的后果以及同步在生态系统边界之间具有层叠作用的潜力（例如，从海到土地）。解决这些差距尤其紧迫，因为越来越多的证据表明气候变化可能会改变同步模式，这可能导致生态系统的空间弹性降低。该项目研究了沿海海带森林和沙滩生态系统，以解决对同步理解的几个当前差距。该项目产生知识，以提高对这些经济可行的环境以及其维持的许多组织的理解。跨职业阶段的研究人员的心态以及沿海生态学和数据科学的学生培训扩展了更大的影响。为了改善科学领域人数不足的团体的学生的教育机会，该项目创建了沿海地区海洋生物学交易所，其中从中西部旅行到加利福尼亚州进行沿海野外研究的本科生，来自洛杉矶的本科生，来自洛杉矶对海洋生物学旅行感兴趣的洛杉矶旅行。为了使近年来遭受急剧下降的加利福尼亚海带森林的管理受益，将与沿海经理，保护从业者和其他利益相关者举办研讨会，以确定恢复现场，以增强区域恢复，稳定性，稳定性和弹性。跨科学学科可用的方法，软件和数据在可重复和透明的标准后在线发布。该项目的目的是研究巨型海带（Macrocystis pyrifera）森林中同步的模式和原因，以及沿海生态系统结构和功能的后果。通过整合和利用大量长期的大规模数据集并使用新的静态技术进行分析，研究人员评估了海洋学条件，繁殖传播分散和海胆草食性如何相互作用，以构建过去36年中东北太平洋海洋纬度10度的巨型Kelp种群的同步和稳定性。新的小波建模工具和其他统计技术用于量化同步的驱动因素及其在地理，时间和时间表上的操作方式。使用礁石生物多样性的20年空间时间，将确定巨型海带和其他因素如何通过“同步级联”在特定的理解藻类社区中诱导同步。此外，该团队测试巨型海带同步在生态系统边界之间通过同种有机物的运输和沉积传播到沙滩到沙滩的程度利用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

CubeSats show persistence of bull kelp refugia amidst a regional collapse in California

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113521
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Remote Sensing of Environment
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: K. Cavanaugh;K. Cavanaugh;Camille Pawlak;T. Bell;V. Saccomanno

SBC LTER: REEF: Macrocystis pyrifera biomass and environmental drivers in southern and central California

SBC LTER：REEF：加州南部和中部的巨囊藻生物量和环境驱动因素

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/27e795dee803493140d6a7cdc3d23379
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: Barbara, Santa Coastal;Bell, Tom W;Cavanaugh, Kyle C;Reuman, Daniel;Castorani, Max C.;Sheppard, Lawrence;Walter, Jonathan
• 通讯作者: Walter, Jonathan