Tracing the template: Investigating the representation of perceptual relevance

追踪模板：研究感知相关性的表示

基本信息

批准号：
242809327
负责人：
Professor Dr. Hermann J. Müller
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Psychologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/242809327?language=en
关键词：
Tracing template Investigating representation perceptual

项目摘要

Adaptive perception requires the prioritization of relevant over irrelevant information. When we are looking for a specific book of which we only remember the color of its cover, we can limit our search to mainly that color. The mental representation of what we are looking for is called the attentional template (also target template, search template, attentional set; e.g., Folk et al., 1992). An attentional template is a flexible representation reflecting current selection preferences, as derived from continuously changing task demands and prior selection history. Even though attentional templates are essential for shaping and controlling perception and action in everyday life, surprisingly little is known about their nature. For example, when you look for your car keys, do you look for their shape, their color, or both? In case of the latter, are shape and color integrated in a single representation, or are they independently represented? Can you look for your wallet at the same time, without affecting your key-template? Furthermore, it is often assumed that visual attention is guided by visual templates, but it is perfectly possible that non-visual types of representation (e.g., semantic codes) are also involved. Finally, the nature of the template may change fundamentally in the course of learning, as a result of selection history.AimThe aim of our joint research proposal is to answer the fundamental question of what kind of representation the attentional template is, in terms of function (how it affects our behaviour), physiology (how it is implemented in the brain), and time (how it is affected by learning/selection history). How we flexibly set up new attentional preferences remains one of the great mysteries in cognitive neuroscience, and any reference to templates involves some residual appeal to a homunculus. Although we will not be able to completely banish this homunculus in our research, ourultimate aim is to do the next best thing, to seek fundamental new insights into the nature of this homunculus. To this end, in several other projects we have focused on questions like the number of templates that can be maintained simultaneously, the dynamics of controlling the template, and the influence of different memory systems. In this collaboration we focus on the fundamental question of representation: What is the nature of the attentional template? Specifically, what types of preference can it hold, how do these change as a function of experience, and what are the neural codes underlying these representations? A thorough understanding of the representational properties of attentional templates is a major step on the way towards a neuro cognitive model of attention which will eventually replace the homunculus with a scientific theory of goal-directed perception and action.

自适应感知需要优先考虑相关信息而不是无关信息。当我们寻找一本特定的书时，我们只记得其封面的颜色时，我们可以将搜索限制为主要的颜色。我们正在寻找的心理表示称为注意模板（也是目标模板，搜索模板，注意集合；例如，Folk等，1992）。注意模板是一种灵活的表示，反映了当前选择偏好，这是由不断变化的任务需求和先前选择历史记录得出的。尽管注意模板对于在日常生活中的塑造和控制感知和行动至关重要，但令人惊讶的是，对其本质知之甚少。例如，当您寻找汽车钥匙时，您是寻找它们的形状，颜色还是两者兼而有之？如果是后者，形状和颜色是否集成在单个表示中，或者它们是独立表示的？您可以同时寻找钱包，而不会影响您的钥匙板吗？此外，通常假定视觉注意力是由视觉模板指导的，但是也可能涉及非视觉类型的表示形式（例如语义代码）。最后，模板的性质可能会在学习过程中从根本上发生变化，这是由于选择历史的结果。我们如何灵活地建立新的注意力偏好仍然是认知神经科学中的巨大奥秘之一，对模板的任何参考都涉及对生物的一些残留吸引力。尽管我们将无法在我们的研究中完全消除这种同胞，但我们的文化目的是做下一个最好的事情，以寻求对这种同胞本质的基本新见解。为此，在其他几个项目中，我们专注于可以同时维护的模板数量，控制模板的动态以及不同内存系统的影响。在这项合作中，我们关注代表的基本问题：注意模板的性质是什么？具体来说，它可以保持哪些类型的偏好，这些偏好如何随着经验的函数而变化，以及这些表示这些表示的神经代码是什么？对注意模板的代表性特性的透彻理解是迈向神经认知模型的主要步骤，该模型最终将用目标定向的感知和行动的科学理论代替了HOMUNCULUS。