Collaborative Research: Integrated Analysis of the Cell Biological, Biomechanical, and Physiological Dynamics of Stomatal Guard Cells in Plants

合作研究：植物气孔保卫细胞的细胞生物学、生物力学和生理动力学的综合分析

• 批准号: 2015943
• 负责人: Charles Anderson
• 金额: $ 87.16万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2015943&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Integrated; Analysis; Cell

In plants, stomatal guard cells influence both photosynthesis and water transport and are thus essential for growth and efficient water use. However, our understanding of guard cell function at the cellular and molecular levels is limited. This project studies how guard cells dynamically expand and shrink to open and close stomatal pores, controlling the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen and water by the plant. Understanding how guard cells function will aid in the development of resilient, high-yielding crops that can grow in hot, dry environments and more effectively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The image analysis and modeling tools created in this project will allow researchers to predict the behavior of a wide range of mechanical behaviors and responses by cells. This multidisciplinary project will train three PhD students as future leaders across the topics of cell biology, computational image analysis, and mechanical testing and modeling of biological systems, and will spread knowledge of guard cells and plant biology using learning modules and research experiences for K-12 and undergraduate students.Despite decades of research interest, the molecular and biophysical mechanisms by which stomatal guard cells function remain incompletely understood. In particular, the roles of the cell wall and water flux in guard cells and neighboring cells in stomatal mechanics are not fully defined. This project combines molecular genetics, cell biology, advanced microscopy, computational image analysis, nanoindentation, and computational modeling to measure and model turgor pressure and wall mechanics in wild type and mutant stomatal complexes of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These analyses will be used to examine the biomechanics of guard cells and the dynamic mechanical and functional relationships between guard cells and their neighboring cells. Another major goal of the project is to use super-resolution microscopy to develop a clear picture of the molecular composition and architecture of the guard cell wall, and to use these data to construct detailed, accurate, and experimentally testable finite element and multiscale, multiphysics models of stomatal guard cells. Together, this work will enable the prediction of stomatal dynamics across a range of species, wall compositions, stomatal geometries, and signaling inputs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在植物中，气孔警卫细胞会影响光合作用和水运输，因此对于生长和有效的用水至关重要。但是，我们对细胞和分子水平的后卫细胞功能的理解受到限制。该项目研究了警卫细胞如何动态扩展和收缩以打开和关闭气孔孔，控制二氧化碳的摄取以及植物释放氧气和水。了解后卫细胞的功能将如何有助于发展有弹性的高产作物，这些农作物可以在炎热的干燥环境中生长，并更有效地从大气中清除二氧化碳。在本项目中创建的图像分析和建模工具将使研究人员能够通过细胞预测各种机械行为和响应的行为。这个多学科项目将在细胞生物学，计算图像分析以及生物系统系统的机械测试和建模的主题中培训三名博士学位学生，并将使用K-12和研究生的研究模块和研究经验来传播警卫细胞和植物生物学的知识，并研究了研究兴趣的数十年。特别是，尚未完全定义细胞壁和水通量在警卫细胞和邻近细胞中的作用。该项目结合了分子遗传学，细胞生物学，高级显微镜，计算图像分析，纳米构造和计算建模，以测量和模型在模型植物拟南芥的野生型和突变体气孔复合物中的thegor压力和壁力学。这些分析将用于检查后卫细胞的生物力学以及后卫细胞及其相邻细胞之间的动态机械和功能关系。该项目的另一个主要目的是使用超分辨率显微镜来开发警卫细胞壁的分子组成和结构的清晰图片，并使用这些数据来构建详细，准确且可实验可测试的有限元和多尺度的孔子元素模型。总之，这项工作将能够预测一系列物种，墙壁组成，气孔几何形状和信号输入的孔隙动力学。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准通过评估来进行评估的。