Collaborative Research: Common Environmental Drivers Determine the Occupation Chronology of Adélie Penguins and Moss Peatbanks on the Western Antarctic Peninsula

合作研究：共同的环境驱动因素决定了南极半岛西部阿德利企鹅和苔藓泥炭滩的生活年表

• 批准号: 2012247
• 负责人: Dulcinea Groff
• 金额: $ 28.35万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2012247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Common; Environmental; Drivers

This award is funded in whole or part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). Part I: Non-technical description: Adélie penguin colonies are declining and disappearing from the western Antarctic Peninsula. However, not all colonies in a certain area decline or disappear at the same rate. This research project will evaluate the influence of terrestrial surface properties on Adélie penguin colonies, leveraging five decades of research on seabirds near Palmer Station where an Adélie colony on Litchfield Island became extinct in 2007 while other colonies nearby are still present. The researchers will combine information obtained from remote sensing, UAS (Unoccupied Aircraft System, or drones) high-resolution maps, reconstruction of past moss banks and modeling with machine learning tools to define suitable penguin and peatbank moss habitats and explore the influence of microclimate on their distributions. In particular, the researchers are asking if guano from penguin colonies could act as fertilizers of moss banks in the presence of localized wind patters that can carry airborne nitrogen to the mosses. Modeling will relate penguin and peatbank moss spatial patterns to environmental variables and provide a greater understanding of how continued environmental change could impact these communities. The project allows for documentation of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems in support of seabirds and provisioning of such information to the broader science community that seeks to study penguins, educating graduate and undergraduate students and a post-doctoral researcher. The research team includes two young women as Principal Investigators, one of them from an under-represented ethnic minority, first time Antarctic Principal Investigator, from an EPSCoR state (Wyoming), broadening participation in Antarctic research. Researchers will serve as student mentors through the Duke Bass Connections program entitled Biogeographic Assessment of Antarctic Coastal Habitats. This program supports an interdisciplinary team of graduate and undergraduate students collaborating with project faculty and experts on cutting-edge research bridging the classroom and the real world.Part II: Technical description: This research aims to understand the changes at the microclimate scale (meters) by analyzing present and past Adélie penguin colonies and moss peatbanks in islands around Palmer Station in the western Antarctic Peninsula – interlinked systems that are typically considered in isolation. By integrating in situ and remote data, this project will synthesize the drivers of biogeomorphology on small islands of the Antarctic Peninsula, a region of rapid change where plants and animals often co-occur and animal presence often determines the habitation of plants. A multi-disciplinary approach combine field measurements, remote sensing, UAS (Unoccupied Aircraft Systems) maps, paleoecology and modeling with machine learning to define suitable habitats and the influence of microclimates on penguin and peatbank distributions. The link between the two aspects of this study, peatbanks and penguins, is the potential source of nutrients for peat mosses from penguin guano. Peatbank and penguin distribution will be modeled and all models will be validated using in situ information from moss samples that will identify mechanistic processes. This project leverages 5 decades of seabird research in the area and high-definition remote sensing provided by the Polar Geospatial center to study the microclimate of Litchfield Island where an Adélie colony became extinct in 2007 when other colonies nearby are still present. The research team includes two early career women as Principal Investigators, one of them from an under-represented ethnic minority, first time Antarctic Principal Investigator, from an EPSCoR state (Wyoming). Researchers will serve as mentors for students through the Duke Bass Connections program entitled Biogeogrpahic Assessment of Antarctic Coastal Habitats which bridges the classroom and the real world.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是根据2021年《美国救援计划法》的全部或部分资助（公法117-2）。第一部分：非技术描述：阿德利企鹅殖民地正在从南极西部半岛下降和消失。但是，并非某个地区中的所有菌落都以相同的速度下降或消失。该研究项目将评估陆地表面特性对阿德利企鹅殖民地的影响，该殖民地利用五十年的研究在帕尔默站附近的海鸟研究中进行了研究，在那里，利奇菲尔德岛上的阿德利殖民地于2007年灭绝，而附近的其他殖民地仍然存在。研究人员将结合从遥感，UAS（无人驾驶飞机系统或无人机）高分辨率地图，重建过去的Moss Banks以及使用机器学习工具进行建模的信息，以定义合适的企鹅和苔藓班，并探索微气候对分布的影响。特别是，研究人员询问企鹅菌落中的鸟粪是否可以在存在局部风模式的情况下充当苔藓库的肥料，这些风格可以将空气寄生的氮带到苔藓上。建模将将企鹅和珍珠银行的苔藓空间模式与环境变量联系起来，并对持续的环境变化如何影响这些社区有更深入的了解。该项目允许记录陆地南极生态系统，以支持海鸟，并向更广泛的科学界提供此类信息，该社区试图研究企鹅，教育研究生和本科生以及博士后研究员。研究小组包括两名年轻妇女作为首席研究人员，其中一名来自代表性不足的少数民族，第一次来自EPSCOR州（怀俄明州）的首次南极首席研究员，扩大了南极研究的参与。研究人员将通过杜克低音连接计划作为学生导师，题为《南极沿海栖息地的生物地理评估》。 This program supports an interdisciplinary team of graduate and undergraduate students collaborating with project faculty and experts on cutting-edge research bridging the classroom and the real world.Part II: Technical description: This research aims to understand the changes at the microclimate scale (meters) by analyzing present and past Adélie penguin Colonies and moss Peatbanks in islands around Palmer Station in the western Antarctic Peninsula –相互联系的系统通常是孤立的。通过集成原位和远程数据，该项目将在南极半岛的小岛上综合生物地球化学的驱动因素，这是一个快速变化的地区，植物和动物经常共同发生和动物的存在通常决定植物的居住。一种多学科方法结合了现场测量，遥感，UAS（无人驾驶飞机系统）地图，古生物学和建模与机器学习，以定义合适的栖息地以及微气候对企鹅和珍珠银行分布的影响。这项研究的两个方面之间的联系是珍珠银行和企鹅，是企鹅鸟粪的珍珠苔藓的潜在养分来源。将对泥炭银和企鹅分布进行建模，并使用将识别机械过程的苔藓样本中的原位信息来验证所有模型。该项目利用该地区的5年海鸟研究以及极地地理空间中心提供的高清远程灵敏度研究Litchfield岛的小气候，在2007年，Adélie殖民地仍然存在于2007年，当时其他附近的其他殖民地仍然存在。研究小组包括两名早期职业妇女作为首席研究人员，其中一名来自代表不足的少数民族，即首次来自Epscor州（怀俄明州）的首次南极首席研究员。研究人员将通过杜克低音连接计划为学生担任导师，该计划的名为《南极沿海栖息地评估生物地球化评估》，这些沿海栖息地桥接了教室和现实世界。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来审查Criteria，通过评估来通过评估来获得珍贵的支持。