Dynamical and Strong-Gravity Effects from Black-Hole Binaries

黑洞双星的动力和强重力效应

• 批准号: 2011784
• 负责人: David Nichols
• 金额: $ 21万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2011784&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamical; Strong; Gravity; Effects; Black

The NSF's Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo detector have now observed gravitational waves from tens of pairs of merging black holes and neutron stars. These remarkable observations have opened up a new field of gravitational-wave astrophysics, and they are allowing the predictions of Einstein's theory of relativity to be tested in new ways for these dynamic and strongly gravitating binaries. Much remains to be learned from these novel observations. Through a better understanding of the predictions of Einstein's theory and through more precise calculations of the emitted gravitational waves, more of the scientific potential of these observations will be tapped. This project, therefore, outlines a research program to use a combination of foundational computations, as well as analytical and numerical modeling of black holes and neutron stars, to aid in extracting insights from gravitational-wave observations. Many of the calculations will be carried out by graduate students, who will be trained in techniques that are useful in physics research and other quantitative areas. A final component of the project involves the development of visualizations that are intended for a broad audience of non-scientists, which aim to make the generation of gravitational waves more intuitive and accessible.More specifically, the research goals of this project will be to make advances in gravitational physics on two fronts: (i) to investigate and compute the part of the gravitational waveform that is strongly constrained by the symmetries and conserved quantities of isolated radiating systems, and (ii) to compute gravitational waveforms from a range of black-hole binaries that can be used to look for deviations from relativity because of the presence of matter or the modification of the underlying gravitational theory. The main goals of direction (i) are first, to compute gravitational waveforms associated with gravitational-wave memory effects that can be evaluated rapidly; second, to understand discrepancies between two commonly used definitions of angular momentum in asymptotically flat spacetimes; and third, to compute generalized notions of memory effects in these spacetimes. For direction (ii), there are three different objectives: for the first, investigating the influence of dense distributions of matter on the gravitational waveforms from black-hole binaries with mass ratios that differ greatly from one; for the second, to explore how modifications to general relativity affect the gravitational-wave memory effect; and for the last, approximating the gravitational waveform in modified gravity theories using a combination of perturbative expansions. The outreach aims of this project revolve around creating visualizations of the warped spacetime of binaries radiating gravitational waves. The visualizations will highlight the physical stretching and squeezing effects of gravitational waves and illustrate how gravitational waves are generated. Animations of these visualizations will be posted online and could also be used as pedagogical tools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

NSF的激光干涉仪重力波观测站（LIGO）和处女座检测器现在观察到了从成对合并黑洞和中子星对的重力波。这些非凡的观察结果开辟了一个新的引力波天体物理学领域，并且可以预测爱因斯坦的相对论理论，以新的方式测试这些动态和强烈的引力二进制文件。从这些新颖的观察结果中还需要学到很多东西。通过更好地理解爱因斯坦理论的预测以及通过对发射引力波的更精确的计算，将利用这些观察结果的更多科学潜力。因此，该项目概述了一项研究计划，以结合基础计算的组合以及黑洞和中子星的分析和数值建模，以帮助从引力波观测中提取见解。许多计算将由研究生进行，他们将接受有关物理研究和其他定量领域有用的技术培训。该项目的最终组成部分涉及为广泛的非科学家提供的可视化开发，旨在使引力波的产生更加直观和易于访问。更具体地说，该项目的研究目标将是在两个方面的引力物理学的进步：（i）在两个方面进行强度的量子，以调查和计算隔离式的隔离范围，以调查和计算引力的隔离范围，以进行隔离式的隔离范围。系统，（ii）从一系列黑洞二进制物中计算重力波形，这些波形由于物质的存在或基础引力理论的修改而用于寻找与相对性的偏差。方向（i）的主要目标首先是计算与重力波记忆效应相关的重力波形，可以迅速评估。其次，了解在渐近平坦的空间中，两个常用的角动量定义之间的差异；第三，在这些时间段内计算一般的记忆效应概念。对于（ii）方向，有三个不同的目标：对于第一个目标，研究物质的致密分布对来自质量比的黑洞二进制文件的重力波形的影响，与一个质量比有很大不同。第二个，探索对一般相对性的修改如何影响重力波记忆效应；最后，使用扰动膨胀的组合在修饰的重力理论中近似重力波形。该项目的外展目的围绕着创建旋转的二进制辐射引力波的可视化。可视化将突出引力波的物理拉伸和挤压作用，并说明如何产生引力波。这些可视化的动画将在线发布，也可以用作教学工具。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Persistent gravitational wave observables: Curve deviation in asymptotically flat spacetimes

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.024056
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Alexander M. Grant;D. Nichols

New horizons for fundamental physics with LISA

• DOI: 10.1007/s41114-022-00036-9
• 发表时间: 2022-12-01
• 期刊: LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY
• 影响因子: 40.6
• 作者: Arun, K. G.;Belgacem, Enis;Zumalacarregui, Miguel
• 通讯作者: Zumalacarregui, Miguel

Measuring the dark matter environments of black hole binaries with gravitational waves

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.043009
• 发表时间: 2022-02-14
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Coogan, Adam;Bertone, Gianfranco;Nichols, David A.
• 通讯作者: Nichols, David A.

Erratum: Outlook for detecting the gravitational-wave displacement and spin memory effects with current and future gravitational-wave detectors [Phys. Rev. D 107, 064056 (2023)]

勘误表：用当前和未来的引力波探测器探测引力波位移和自旋记忆效应的展望[Phys.

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.108.029901
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Grant, Alexander M.;Nichols, David A.
• 通讯作者: Nichols, David A.

Outlook for detecting the gravitational-wave displacement and spin memory effects with current and future gravitational-wave detectors

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.064056
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Alexander M. Grant;D. Nichols