Collaborative Research: A North Pacific ice core record of summer climate and wildfire history during the last 1500 years

合作研究：过去 1500 年夏季气候和野火历史的北太平洋冰芯记录

• 批准号: 2002470
• 负责人: Dominic Winski
• 金额: $ 13.74万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2002470&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; North; Pacific; ice

This project intends to use the Mount Denali ice core archive to develop the most comprehensive suite of North Pacific fire and summer climate proxy records since about 2500 years before present. Wildfire is a key component of summer climate in the North Pacific where wildfires are projected to increase with continued summer warming. Studies that combine paleorecords of summer climate and wildfire are therefore critically needed, especially in the North Pacific region where fire recurrence rate and decadal-to-centennial scale climate fluctuations occur over longer time periods than are covered by direct observations. The goal of the proposed research is to improve our understanding of relationships between summertime climate and wildfire activity, focusing especially on the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), when regional temperatures were perhaps as warm as the 20th century. Recent advances now permit the measurement of new fire-related (pyrogenic) compounds in ice cores, enabling the development of a robust fire record capable of rigorous comparison with regional paleoclimate reconstructions. The records of summer atmospheric circulation developed through this project will be regionally unique and fill a critical gap in the suite of North Pacific paleoclimate records. The ice core fire records will have synchronously dated temperature, precipitation and circulation time series. Our unique compilation of these ice core records, as well as other regional paleoproxy records will be the first effort at combining these datasets into a regional compilation of paleofire records in the North Pacific region. This compilation will facilitate the examination of fire activity during Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) conditions that are of comparable magnitude to present climate changes over socially relevant timescales (decades). We will analyze the archive Denali ice core for black carbon, which is derived from both biomass and fossil fuel combustion, and organic aromatic acids (e.g. vanillic acid) and monosaccharide anhydride (e.g. levoglucosan) which are produced solely from biomass burning. The Denali ice core chronology is already developed, and the archive ice is in hand, ensuring that our research plan can be accomplished. Fire record synthesis and calibration will incorporate instrumental fire databases, gridded burn area data, and HYSPLIT back-trajectory analyses over the instrumental era in order to test the sensitivity of fireclimate relationships over time. With this record we will address the following research questions: (1) How have North Pacific summer atmospheric circulation patterns varied over the last 1500 years? (2) How did North Pacific fire regime characteristics naturally respond to the warm summer conditions of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)? (3) Are there consistent relationships between North Pacific fire regime and climate?A focal point of our broader impacts is support for two young investigators who have specialized expertise in North Pacific ice cores and paleofire modeling, respectively. This project will also support one PhD student and several undergraduate students. We will continue our longstanding collaboration with Denali National Park to present and permanently display our major climate- and fire-related findings at the park visitor center in Talkeetna, Alaska. We are partnering with the Natural Sciences Education and Outreach Center at Colorado State University to develop STEM kits focused on the Denali ice core record for distribution to under-served K-12 students in Alaska and Maine. Prototypes of these kits have already been developed and tested with students, and we propose to significantly expand this program and increase its impact. Other activities include the participation of first-year women researchers in this project as part of the Dartmouth Women In Science Project (WISP) initiative, and through participation in the NSF-supported School of Ice, where faculty from historically black colleges and minority-serving institutions learn about ice cores and climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目打算利用迪纳利山冰芯档案来开发自大约 2500 年前以来最全面的北太平洋火灾和夏季气候代理记录套件。野火是北太平洋夏季气候的一个重要组成部分，预计随着夏季持续变暖，野火将会增加。因此，迫切需要将夏季气候和野火的古记录结合起来进行研究，特别是在北太平洋地区，那里的火灾复发率和十年到百年尺度的气候波动发生的时间段比直接观测覆盖的时间段更长。拟议研究的目标是提高我们对夏季气候与野火活动之间关系的理解，特别关注中世纪气候异常（MCA），当时区域气温可能与 20 世纪一样温暖。最近的进展现在允许测量冰芯中新的与火灾相关的（热原）化合物，从而能够建立可靠的火灾记录，能够与区域古气候重建进行严格比较。通过该项目开发的夏季大气环流记录将在区域内独一无二，并填补北太平洋古气候记录套件中的一个关键空白。冰芯火灾记录将具有同步日期的温度、降水和环流时间序列。我们对这些冰芯记录以及其他区域古代理记录的独特汇编将是首次将这些数据集合并到北太平洋地区古火灾记录的区域汇编中。该汇编将有助于检查中世纪气候异常（MCA）条件下的火灾活动，这些条件与社会相关时间尺度（几十年）内当前的气候变化具有可比性。我们将分析麦金利峰冰芯档案中的黑碳（源自生物质和化石燃料燃烧），以及仅由生物质燃烧产生的有机芳香酸（例如香草酸）和单糖酸酐（例如左旋葡聚糖）。麦金利峰冰芯年代学已经制定完毕，档案冰也已在手，确保我们的研究计划能够完成。火灾记录合成和校准将结合仪器火灾数据库、网格化燃烧区域数据和仪器时代的 HYSPLIT 回轨迹分析，以测试火灾气候关系随时间变化的敏感性。通过这一记录，我们将解决以下研究问题：（1）过去 1500 年北太平洋夏季大气环流模式如何变化？ (2) 北太平洋火势特征如何自然地响应中世纪气候异常（MCA）的温暖夏季条件？ (3) 北太平洋火灾状况与气候之间是否存在一致的关系？我们更广泛影响的一个焦点是支持两名分别在北太平洋冰芯和古火灾建模方面拥有专业知识的年轻研究人员。该项目还将支持一名博士生和几名本科生。我们将继续与迪纳利国家公园的长期合作，在阿拉斯加塔尔基特纳的公园游客中心展示并永久展示我们与气候和火灾相关的主要发现。我们正在与科罗拉多州立大学自然科学教育和外展中心合作，开发专注于麦金利冰芯记录的 STEM 套件，分发给阿拉斯加和缅因州服务不足的 K-12 学生。这些套件的原型已经开发出来并与学生进行了测试，我们建议大幅扩展该计划并增加其影响。其他活动包括一年级女性研究人员参与该项目，作为达特茅斯女性科学项目 (WISP) 计划的一部分，以及通过参与 NSF 支持的冰学院，该学院的教师来自历史悠久的黑人大学和少数族裔服务该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。