ANT LIA: Collaborative Research: Evolutionary Patterns and Mechanisms of Trait Diversification in the Antarctic Notothenioid Radiation

ANT LIA：合作研究：南极诺托尼类辐射特征多样化的进化模式和机制

• 批准号: 2001584
• 负责人: Matthew Harris
• 金额: $ 14.5万
• 依托单位: Children's Hospital Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2001584&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ANT; LIA; Collaborative; Research; Evolutionary

Part I: Nontechnical descriptionThe ecologically important notothenioid fish of the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica will be studied to address questions central to polar, evolutionary, and adaptational biology. The rapid diversification of the notothenioids into 120 species following a period of Antarctic glaciation and cooling of the Southern Ocean is thought to have been facilitated by key evolutionary innovations, including antifreeze glycoproteins to prevent freezing and bone reduction to increase buoyancy. In this project, a large dataset of genomic sequences will be used to evaluate the genetic mechanisms that underly the broad pattern of novel trait evolution in these fish, including traits relevant to human diseases (e.g., bone density, renal function, and anemia). The team will develop new STEM-based research and teaching modules for undergraduate education at Northeastern University. The work will provide specific research training to scholars at all levels, including a post-doctoral researcher, a graduate student, undergraduate students, and high school students. The team will also contribute to public outreach, including, in part, the develop of teaching videos in molecular evolutionary biology and accompanying educational supplements.Part II: Technical descriptionThe researchers will leverage their comprehensive notothenioid phylogenomic dataset comprising 250,000 protein-coding exons and conserved non-coding elements across 44 ingroup and 2 outgroup species to analyze the genetic origins of three iconic notothenioid traits: (1) loss of erythrocytes by the icefish clade in a cold, stable and highly-oxygenated marine environment; (2) reduction in bone mass and retention of juvenile skeletal characteristics as buoyancy mechanisms to facilitate foraging; and (3) loss of kidney glomeruli to retain energetically expensive antifreeze glycoproteins. The team will first track patterns of change in erythroid-related genes throughout the notothenioid phylogeny. They will then examine whether repetitive evolution of a pedomorphic skeleton in notothenioids is based on parallel or divergent evolution of genetic regulators of heterochrony. Third, they will determine whether there is mutational bias in the mechanisms of loss and re-emergence of kidney glomeruli. Finally, identified genetic mechanisms of evolutionary change will be validated by experimental testing using functional genomic strategies in the zebrafish model system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：非技术描述将研究南极周围的南大洋的生态重要性鱼类，以解决对极性，进化和适应性生物学中心的问题。在南极冰川时期和南大洋冷却后，非硫尼替尼的快速多样化被关键的进化创新促进了促进，包括抗冻糖糖蛋白，以防止冰冻糖蛋白防止冰冻和减少骨骼以增加浮力。在该项目中，将使用大型基因组序列数据集评估这些鱼类中新型特征进化的广泛模式的遗传机制，包括与人类疾病有关的特征（例如骨密度，肾功能和贫血）。该小组将在东北大学开发新的基于STEM的研究和教学模块。这项工作将为各级学者提供特定的研究培训，包括博士后研究人员，研究生，本科生和高中生。该团队还将为公众宣传做出贡献，包括部分开发分子进化生物学和随附的教育补充剂的教学视频。第二部分：技术描述，研究人员将利用其全面的非硫代植物类化学数据集，该数据集包含250,000个蛋白质编码外的和250,000个蛋白质编码元素，以及三种概述的固有元素，以分析44个Incodions，以分析2概述的元素，并分析2级概述，以分析2级概述，非硫代尼原子的特征：（1）在冷，稳定和高度氧合的海洋环境中，冰鱼进化枝损失了红细胞； （2）减少骨骼质量和少年骨骼特征的保留，作为促进觅食的浮力机制； （3）肾脏肾小球损失以保持昂贵的抗冻糖蛋白。该团队将首先跟踪整个非硫尼类系统发育中红斑相关基因变化的模式。然后，他们将检查卵巢骨架中的卵形骨骼的重复演化是基于异缘遗传调节剂的平行还是不同的进化。第三，他们将确定肾脏肾小球丧失和重新出现的机制是否存在突变偏差。最后，通过使用斑马鱼模型系统中功能基因组策略进行实验测试来验证已鉴定出的进化变化的遗传机制。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响标准通过评估来进行评估。