Collaborative Research: The role of habitat transitions in parallel marine fish radiations

合作研究：栖息地转变在平行海洋鱼类辐射中的作用

• 批准号: 1929248
• 负责人: Ricardo Betancur
• 金额: $ 8.27万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-20 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929248&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; role; habitat; transitions

Fish diversity spans high-performance swimmers such as tunas, barracudas, and swordfish that spend their entire life cruising the open ocean in search of food (pelagic species) to sluggish, sedentary forms such as flounders or seahorses that live buried in the bottom or attached to vegetation (benthic species). Much variation in body form and habit can be explained by adaptation to the habitats where these fishes live. But the effects of ecological habitat on processes leading to diversification over evolutionary time remain poorly explored. This project will focus on two groups of closely related species that harbor a huge diversity of benthic and pelagic forms (about 2000 species) to disentangle the effects of habitat transitions on rates of speciation and extinction. Understanding the factors that promote diversification in form and habit is important for the long-term conservation of marine biodiversity. Innovative image data analysis necessary to synthesize morphological variation among these fishes also will be applied to develop a fish species identification app for smartphones (FishSnap) that will be freely available to the public, expandable in the future to include all fishes. Educational opportunities will be available for undergraduate and graduate students and outreach activities in partnership with the National Museum of Natural History in Washington DC will result in a new public exhibit on fish biodiversity.Recent studies in fish phylogenetics are resolving long-lasting uncertainties about the relationships among the most species-rich marine fish groups, and opening up unprecedented opportunities to infer mechanisms that explain their extraordinary diversity. This project takes advantage of newly discovered affinities among fishes that revealed two independent clades with benthic and pelagic forms to investigate connections between genomic and morphological features in relation to their ecological habitat. The researchers will collect and compare a genome-scale DNA sequence data set of protein-coding genes to infer a phylogenetic tree for about 800 species of these two groups. This tree will be time-calibrated on the basis of carefully selected fossil data to provide a dated evolutionary framework for comparative studies. The project will also assemble a large phenotypic (digital image) dataset of curated specimens for morphometric analysis. Using state-of-the art comparative methodologies, this project will shed light on the effect of habitat shifts along the benthic-pelagic axis on the rate of morphological and lineage diversification. The integration of well-resolved molecular phylogenies, the fossil record, trait and ecological data, and comparative methodologies will provide new insights to understand the causes of marine biodiversity.

鱼类多样性包括高游泳能力的金枪鱼、梭鱼和旗鱼，它们一生都在公海中游弋寻找食物（中上层物种），也包括行动迟缓、久坐的鱼类，如生活在海底或附着的比目鱼或海马。植被（底栖物种）。身体形态和习性的许多变化可以通过适应这些鱼类生活的栖息地来解释。但生态栖息地对进化过程中导致多样化的过程的影响仍然缺乏探索。该项目将重点关注两组密切相关的物种，它们拥有巨大的底栖和中上层形态多样性（约 2000 种），以阐明栖息地转变对物种形成和灭绝速度的影响。了解促进形态和习性多样化的因素对于海洋生物多样性的长期保护非常重要。综合这些鱼类形态差异所需的创新图像数据分析也将用于开发智能手机鱼类识别应用程序（FishSnap），该应用程序将免费向公众开放，并在未来扩展至包括所有鱼类。将为本科生和研究生提供教育机会，并与华盛顿特区国家自然历史博物馆合作举办外展活动，举办一场关于鱼类生物多样性的新公开展览。鱼类系统发育学的最新研究正在解决有关这些关系的长期不确定性是物种最丰富的海洋鱼类群体之一，并为推断解释其非凡多样性的机制提供了前所未有的机会。该项目利用鱼类之间新发现的亲缘关系，揭示了具有底栖和远洋形式的两个独立分支，以研究与其生态栖息地相关的基因组和形态特征之间的联系。研究人员将收集并比较蛋白质编码基因的基因组规模 DNA 序列数据集，以推断出这两个类群中约 800 个物种的系统发育树。这棵树将根据精心挑选的化石数据进行时间校准，为比较研究提供过时的进化框架。该项目还将收集一个大型的表型（数字图像）样本数据集，用于形态分析。该项目将采用最先进的比较方法，揭示沿底栖-远洋轴线的栖息地变化对形态和谱系多样化速率的影响。解析良好的分子系统发育、化石记录、性状和生态数据以及比较方法的整合将为理解海洋生物多样性的原因提供新的见解。