Collaborative Research: Monitoring hydrothermal fluids, crustal permeability and seafloor morphology in preparation for the next volcanic eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9'50"N

合作研究：监测热液、地壳渗透性和海底形态，为北纬 950" 东太平洋隆起的下一次火山喷发做准备

• 批准号: 1949485
• 负责人: Daniel Fornari
• 金额: $ 33.84万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949485&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Monitoring; hydrothermal; fluids

The East Pacific Rise (EPR) is a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge located in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is part of a globe-encircling system of ridges where the crust of the Earth is created by the intrusion of melt from the deeper mantle and consequent volcanic eruptions. Hydrothermal vents from the MOR form chimneys and columns of metal-rich emissions as seawater flows through the oceanic crust. These hydrothermal processes alter the composition of oceanic lithosphere and the global ocean, and provide unique habitats for extreme forms of life in chemosynthetic ecosystems. Understanding the coupling between sub-surface flow patterns and crustal conditions is fundamentally important for virtually all fields of mid-ocean ridge and related geochemical and geophysical research. This research project focuses on the idea that a new magmatic event involving an eruption or shallow magma emplacement, is likely to happen at the EPR axis in the 9°50’N area in the next few years (~2020–2023). This forecast is based on observed increases in vent exit-fluid temperature, and chemical trends. The scientists at sea will employ the research submersible Alvin and/or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Jason to deploy instruments and collect vent fluid samples during three cruises over three successive years to study these processes. The project also involves a collaboration between young investigators from the USA and Norway that will help strengthen international ties between researchers in both countries. The researchers will also create new teaching materials for the San Diego Unified School district via three workshops held at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This collaboration with the San Diego County Office of Education will enhance their Environmental Literacy Initiative, and help to create a Next Generation Science Standards,activities and resources for middle and/or high school teachers in California and nation-wide.This project's research objective focuses on the idea that a new magmatic event, either an eruption or shallow dike emplacement, is likely to happen at the EPR axis in the 9°50’N area in the next few years (~2020–2023). This forecast is based on increases in vent exit-fluid temperature and chemical trends measured at hydrothermal vents. The build-up to this event is anticipated to be associated with changes in crustal dynamics that can be observed in the geochemical properties and thermal response to tidal forcing across multiple hydrothermal vents and their fluids. Specifically, the phase lag and amplitude ratio between the thermal response and loading signal can be used to track the run-up to the next volcanic eruption. In order to monitor the relationship between magma resupply and its impact on hydrothermal fluid flow, the project will apply numerical methods to exploit the tidal variability observed in exit-fluid temperature records acquired using self-recording high-temperature loggers. The result of this analysis will constrain poroelastic properties of the crust. To accomplish these goals, the project will collect several correlative datasets on three successive cruises spaced approximately 1-year apart, with seven Alvin or Jason ROV dives each year. The datasets include i) vent exit-fluid temperature records logged at ~15 min intervals; ii) annual fluid samples from each instrumented vent using isobaric gas-tight samplers; iii) tidal pressure and current strength data logged by moored sensors; iv) high-resolution still and 4k-resolution video imagery of vent structures that are instrumented, and v) baseline near-bottom bathymetry and sidescan dataset to be acquired in December 2019 using autonomous underwater vehicle Sentry. These data will be a key resource to underpin the work of geophysicists, biologists and chemists from across the mid-ocean ridge community working at EPR 9°50’N. eruption.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

东太平洋崛起（EPR）是位于东太平洋的快速蔓延的中海山脊。它是地球上脊系统的一部分，在该系统中，地球的地壳是由于熔体从更深的地幔和随之而来的火山喷发产生的。当海水流过海洋外壳时，来自MOR形成烟囱的热液和金属排放柱。这些热液过程改变了海洋岩石圈和全球海洋的组成，并为化学合成生态系统中极端生活形式提供了独特的栖息地。了解地下流动模式与地壳条件之间的耦合对于几乎所有海洋山脊的所有领域以及相关的地球化学和地球物理研究至关重要。该研究项目的重点是这样的想法，即在未来几年（〜2020–2023）的9°50'N地区的EPR轴上，可能会发生一次新的岩浆事件涉及喷发或浅层岩浆增压。该预测基于观察到的排气出口流体温度和化学趋势的升高。海上的科学家将采用可潜水的ALVIN和/或远程操作的车辆（ROV）Jason来部署工具，并在三年成功的三年巡游中收集通风液样品来研究这些过程。该项目还涉及美国和挪威的年轻调查员之间的合作，这将有助于加强两国研究人员之间的国际联系。研究人员还将通过Scripps海洋学研究所举行的三个研讨会为圣地亚哥统一学区创建新的教材。与圣地亚哥县教育办公室的这种合作将增强其环境素养计划，并有助于为加利福尼亚和全国范围内的中学和/或高中教师创建下一代科学标准，活动和资源。本项目的研究目标集中在一个新的魔法事件上，即在epruption或Shallow Dike实施中的新事件，可能是在Epraw dike实施的情况下，在Epraw of的情况下，这是一个9°°的情况。 （〜2020–2023）。该预测是基于排气出口流体温度的升高和在热液通风口下测得的化学趋势。预计该事件的堆积与地壳动力学的变化有关，这些变化可以在地球化学性质中观察到，以及对跨多个热液通风孔及其流体的潮汐强迫的热反应。具体而言，热响应和加载信号之间的相位滞后和放大器比率可用于跟踪下一次火山喷发的升级。为了监视岩浆补给与其对水热流体流量的影响之间的关系，该项目将采用数值方法来利用使用自我录制的高温记录仪获得的出口流体温度记录中观察到的潮汐变异性。该分析的结果将限制地壳的毛弹性特性。为了实现这些目标，该项目将收集几个相关的数据集，三个成功的巡航，相距约1年，每年有七个Alvin或Jason Rov潜水。数据集包括i）以〜15分钟的间隔记录的排气出口流体温度记录； ii）使用等速器气密样品来自每个仪器通风孔的年度流体样品； iii）由系泊传感器记录的潮汐压力和电流强度数据； iv）高分辨率静止和4K分辨率的通风结构的视频图像，以及v）底线近底测深的测深和侧can数据集，将于2019年12月使用自动驾驶水下车辆哨兵获取。这些数据将是基础来自EPR 9°50'N工作的中山岭社区的地球物理学家，生物学家和化学家的工作的关键资源。爆发。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查标准评估被认为是宝贵的支持。

项目成果

The Role of On‐ and Off‐Axis Faults and Fissures During Eruption Cycles and Crustal Accretion at 9°50′N, East Pacific Rise

轴上和轴外断层和裂缝在喷发周期和北纬 9°50°地壳增生、东太平洋海隆中的作用

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gc010794
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geosystems
• 作者: Wu, Jyun‐Nai;Parnell‐Turner, Ross;Fornari, Daniel J.;Berrios‐Rivera, Natalia;Barreyre, Thibaut;McDermott, Jill M.
• 通讯作者: McDermott, Jill M.

Tracking Crustal Permeability and Hydrothermal Response During Seafloor Eruptions at the East Pacific Rise, 9°50’N

追踪北纬 9°50° 东太平洋海隆海底喷发期间的地壳渗透率和热液响应

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl095459
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Barreyre, T.;Parnell‐Turner, R.;Wu, J. ‐N.;Fornari, D. J.
• 通讯作者: Fornari, D. J.

Significance of Short‐Wavelength Magnetic Anomaly Low Along the East Pacific Rise Axis, 9°50′N

沿东太平洋海隆轴（9°50°N）的短波长低磁异常的意义

• DOI: 10.1029/2023gc010875
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geosystems
• 作者: Berrios‐Rivera, Natalia;Gee, Jeffrey S.;Parnell‐Turner, Ross;Maher, Sarah;Wu, Jyun‐Nai;Fornari, Daniel;Tivey, Maurice;Marjanović, Milena;Barreyre, Thibaut;McDermott, Jill
• 通讯作者: McDermott, Jill