MREFC: US ATLAS HL-LHC Upgrade Project

MREFC：美国ATLAS HL-LHC升级项目

• 批准号: 1948993
• 负责人: P. Michael Tuts
• 金额: $ 7500万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1948993&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MREFC; US; ATLAS; HL; LHC

Through decades of prior research, scientists have developed the Standard Model of Particle Physics, a theoretical framework that quantitatively describes physical phenomena such as radioactivity, the interaction of light with matter, and the structure of nuclei. The last piece of the Standard Model to fall into place was the Higgs boson, the particle whose interaction with other components of the Standard Model gives rise to their various masses. It was discovered at CERN in 2012, resulting in the award of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics to Peter Higgs and Francois Englert. The Standard Model is incomplete, as it does not explain, for example, phenomena such as the astrophysical observations of Dark Matter and Dark Energy, or why anti-matter is so rare. Researchers want to investigate whether there are additional particles with exotic properties, unlike any forms of matter observed so far, whose existence is predicted by some theories that extend the Standard Model. Further study of the properties of the Higgs boson may shed light on these questions, but this will require a far greater data sample than that produced so far. CERN is upgrading the LHC to produce a much larger number of proton-proton collisions. After upgrading is complete in 2027, when it will be known as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the rate of interaction will be about ten times greater than when the Higgs boson was discovered. Concurrently, the ATLAS detector will be upgraded to operate in the much-higher-intensity HL-LHC environment, and it will incorporate critical Higgs boson detection sensitivity enhancements. The upgrade activities are an internationally coordinated effort, managed by CERN and involving the participation and individual contributions of more than 40 funding agencies globally. NSF will award $75M to Columbia University as the lead institution in a consortium of 18 US universities that will fabricate and deliver key elements of the ATLAS detector upgrade: faster electronics and additional detector elements for measuring and recording the energies, momenta, and directions of particles produced in collisions, and more sophisticated electronics and software to select data for recording from among the torrent that will be produced. NSF is coordinating its participation with the US Department of Energy, who is also funding elements of the ATLAS upgrade. This continues a highly successful inter-agency partnership that has jointly enabled US scientists to participate in cutting edge research at the LHC for more than two decades. Columbia University and its 18 subrecipients will leverage the NSF award to increase the diversity of participation in physics research by hundreds of undergraduate and high school students. Hands-on involvement in detector fabrication and testing will enable a broad range of unique education and outreach activities that are coupled to institutional undergraduate and graduate programs. These will advance NSF goals promoting STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) workforce development.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

通过数十年的先前研究，科学家开发了粒子物理学的标准模型，这是一个定量描述物理现象的理论框架，例如放射性，光与物质的相互作用以及核的结构。标准模型的最后一块是希格斯玻色子，其与标准模型的其他组件相互作用的粒子产生了各种质量。它是在2012年在CERN发现的，导致2013年诺贝尔物理奖授予彼得·希格斯（Peter Higgs）和弗朗索瓦（Francois Englert）。标准模型是不完整的，因为它没有解释，例如，诸如黑物质和暗能量的天体物理学观察结果，或者为什么反物质如此罕见。研究人员想研究是否有其他具有外来特性的颗粒，与迄今为止观察到的任何形式的物质不同，其存在是由某些扩展标准模型的理论预测的。对希格斯玻色子的性质的进一步研究可能会阐明这些问题，但这将需要比到目前为止生产的数据样本要大得多。 CERN正在升级LHC，以产生大量的质子 - 质子碰撞。在2027年完成升级后，当它被称为高光度LHC（HL-LHC）时，相互作用的速率将比发现Higgs Boson的十倍。 同时，地图集检测器将升级到在更高的HL-LHC环境中运行，并将结合关键的Higgs Boson检测灵敏度增强。升级活动是由CERN管理的国际协调努力，涉及全球40多家资助机构的参与和个人贡献。 NSF将授予哥伦比亚大学的7500万美元作为美国18所大学的联盟中的主要机构，这些机构将构成和提供ATLAS探测器升级的关键要素：更快的电子设备和其他探测器元素，以衡量和记录能量，动量，动量和粒子指示，以录制相撞的电子设备，以及用于录制的粒子的指示，并在相撞的电子设备中进行了录制，以录制了这些元素，这些元素可在相撞的电子设备中进行选择，并将其用于选择。 NSF正在协调其与美国能源部的参与，后者也在资助Atlas升级的要素。这延续了一项非常成功的机构间合作伙伴关系，这使美国科学家能够在LHC的尖端研究中持续了二十多年。哥伦比亚大学及其18个亚辅助因素将利用NSF奖，以增加数百名本科生和高中生参与物理研究的多样性。 动手参与探测器制造和测试将使广泛的独特教育和外展活动与机构本科和研究生课程结合在一起。这些将促进NSF目标促进STEM（科学，技术，工程，数学）劳动力发展。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估的。