RUI: Collaborative Research: Linking physiological thermal thresholds to the distribution of lobster settlers and juveniles

RUI：合作研究：将生理热阈值与龙虾定居者和幼体的分布联系起来

• 批准号: 1948146
• 负责人: Eric Annis
• 金额: $ 28.99万
• 依托单位: Hood College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1948146&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Collaborative; Research; Linking; physiological

Temperature is one critical factor that determines the distribution of marine organisms. However, in many cases temperature ranges (thermal tolerances) are only known for adults, but not for the immature stages that transition from the plankton to the bottom. This study is testing how temperature affects where larvae are settling. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the Gulf of Maine is serving as a model system to measure the thermal tolerance of the larvae and link this to the distribution of young lobsters in the field. Presently, lobster larvae are more likely to experience relatively cold temperatures than heat stress and larval settlement appears to be restricted to warmer shallow waters by a sensitivity to temperatures below 12°C. As water temperature has increased, settlement and juvenile distribution have expanded into deeper waters suggesting a release from cold stress. This project is advancing the understanding of shifting species distributions in response to increasing ocean temperatures by exploring thermal sensitivity in wild-caught larvae for the first time. This information is providing thermal thresholds for modeling larval viability in response to climate change scenarios. Understanding the larvae’s responses to temperature is fundamental to predicting the impact of climate change on one of the most valuable commercial fisheries in North America. The project is supporting training of undergraduate interns and a master’s student from small colleges (Hood College and University of New England) and connecting them with a research institution (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences). Teacher training is occurring in collaboration with the Marine Science Center at the University of New England. Results from this study are being shared with stakeholders and contributing to science-based management of the lobster fishery.This project is the first to examine how thermal stress on a larval stage determines juvenile distributions using a combination of correlative and experimental approaches that includes measuring biochemical stress indicators in larvae deployed in natural field habitats. The central hypothesis is that the physiology of individual planktonic larvae controls meso-scale settlement patterns in the field. The goal is to ascertain if there is a causal relationship between the underlying physiology and thermal sensitivity of the organism and the distribution of early life stages. Larval supply, settlement and juvenile abundances will be assessed at different depths with temperatures above and below the proposed minimum temperature threshold of 12°C for larvae. Laboratory experiments using conventional methods are determining thermal tolerances in wild-caught larvae and how they change with ontogeny. The upper and lower thermal optima are being resolved using multiple physiological parameters such as measurements of oxygen consumption and aerobic scope, and biochemical assays of thermal stress (HSP70, AMPK, and SIRT). To link physiology to settlement patterns, caged stage IV larvae and V juveniles are being deployed in the field at sites with temperatures above and below 12°C. Lethal and sub-lethal effects on caged lobsters are being evaluated through measures of growth, mortality and biochemical markers of thermal stress. This is the first study to focus on the thermal tolerance of wild larvae, which has broad implications for understanding settling in marine invertebrate larvae.This project is jointly funded by Biological Oceanography (OCE) and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

温度是决定海洋生物分布的关键因素。但是，在许多情况下，温度范围（热公差）仅对成人闻名，但对于从浮游生物到底部过渡的未成熟阶段不知道。这项研究正在测试温度如何影响幼虫定居点。缅因州湾的美国龙虾（American Lobster（American Americanus））是一种模型系统，用于测量幼虫的热耐受性，并将其与野外年轻龙虾的分布联系起来。目前，与热应激相比，龙虾幼虫更有可能经历相对较冷的温度，而幼虫的设置似乎仅限于温暖的浅水，这是对低于12°C的温度的敏感性。随着水温的升高，设置和少年分布已扩展到更深的水域，这表明从冷应激中释放出来。该项目正在通过首次探索野生捕获的幼虫的热敏感性来促进人们对变化物种分布的理解。该信息提供了用于响应气候变化方案的幼虫生存能力建模的热阈值。了解幼虫对温度的反应是预测气候变化对北美最有价值的商业渔业之一的影响至关重要的。该项目正在支持对本科实习生的培训和来自小型大学（胡德学院和新英格兰大学）的硕士学生，并将其与研究机构（Bigelow海洋科学实验室）联系起来。教师培训正在与新英格兰大学的海洋科学中心合作进行。这项研究的结果与利益相关者共享，并为龙虾渔业的基于科学的管理做出了贡献。该项目是第一个研究幼体阶段的热应力如何使用纠正和实验方法的组合来决定少年分布，其中包括测量在自然野生栖息地中部署的幼虫中的生化应力指标。中心假设是单个浮游幼虫的生理控制野外的中尺度设置模式。目的是确定生理的潜在生理学与热敏感性与早期生命阶段的分布之间是否存在因果关系。幼虫的供应，设置和少年滥用将在不同的深度进行评估，其温度高于幼虫的最低温度阈值高于和低于拟议的最低温度阈值。使用常规方法的实验室实验是确定野生型幼虫的热公差以及它们如何随着个体发育而变化。上和下热的最佳选择正在使用多个物理参数（例如氧气消耗和有氧范围的测量）以及热应力的生化测定（HSP70，AMPK和SIRT）解决。为了将生理学与沉降模式联系起来，笼中的IV期幼虫和V幼虫正在现场部署在高于12°C的地点和低于12°C的地点。通过测量生长，死亡率和热应激的生化标志物，正在评估对笼龙虾的致命和亚致死作用。这是第一个专注于野生幼虫的热耐受性的研究，该研究对理解海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的环境具有广泛的影响。该项目由生物海洋学（OCE）共同资助，既定的计划刺激竞争性研究（EPSCOR）（EPSCOR）。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定任务和审查的范围，这是通过评估良好的构成的支持。