NCS-FO: Understanding How Prior Knowledge Shapes Visual Perception in the Individual Brain

NCS-FO：了解先验知识如何塑造个体大脑的视觉感知

• 批准号: 1926780
• 负责人: Biyu He
• 金额: $ 98.46万
• 依托单位: New York University Medical Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1926780&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NCS; FO; Understanding; How; Prior

Past experiences powerfully shape our daily perception, so our perception of the world around us not only reflects the stimuli input impinging on our senses but is also strongly shaped by what we already know. Sensory input in the real world is often ambiguous, thus incorporating prior knowledge from past experiences is particularly important for perceptual processing in realistic, complex environments. When this process goes awry, past experiences may overwhelm sensory input and cause hallucinations. Through this project, an interdisciplinary research team with expertise in cognitive neuroscience, clinical neurology, and multi-modal human brain imaging will tackle the question of how prior knowledge from past experiences guides perceptual visual processing in the human brain. The research team will further investigate individual variability in these mechanisms and test whether they have predictive power for personality traits that lie on a continuum with mental illnesses. This project employs a robust, dramatic perceptual paradigm to shed light on how past experiences shape current perceptual processing. Combining psychophysics with cutting-edge human brain imaging technologies, this project will dissect the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of prior experience on human visual perception at the levels of local processing within a brain region, inter-areal information transmission, and large-scale brain dynamics. Further, the extent to which perception relies on prior knowledge varies across healthy individuals and psychiatric patients. This project will capitalize on variations in the general population to determine which neural mechanisms drive individual variability in the reliance of perception on prior knowledge, and further test whether such neural mechanisms can predict an individual?s propensity to psychosis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

过去的经历有力地塑造了我们的日常感知，因此我们对周围世界的感知不仅反映了影响我们感官的刺激输入，而且还受到我们已知的事物的强烈影响。现实世界中的感官输入通常是模糊的，因此结合过去经验中的先验知识对于现实、复杂环境中的感知处理尤为重要。当这个过程出错时，过去的经历可能会压倒感官输入并导致幻觉。通过这个项目，一个拥有认知神经科学、临床神经学和多模式人脑成像专业知识的跨学科研究团队将解决过去经验中的先验知识如何指导人脑感知视觉处理的问题。研究小组将进一步研究这些机制的个体差异，并测试它们是否对精神疾病连续体的人格特征具有预测能力。该项目采用了一种强大的、戏剧性的感知范式来揭示过去的经历如何塑造当前的感知处理。该项目将心理物理学与前沿的人脑成像技术相结合，从大脑区域内的局部处理、区域间的信息传输和大规模大脑层面，剖析先验经验对人类视觉感知影响的神经机制。动力学。此外，健康个体和精神病患者的感知对先验知识的依赖程度也有所不同。该项目将利用一般人群的差异来确定哪些神经机制驱动个体对先验知识的感知依赖的变异性，并进一步测试这种神经机制是否可以预测个体的精神病倾向。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，并被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Neuromodulation of Brain State and Behavior

大脑状态和行为的神经调节

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100219-105424
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Annual Review of Neuroscience
• 影响因子: 13.9
• 作者: McCormick, David A.;Nestvogel, Dennis B.;He, Biyu J.
• 通讯作者: He, Biyu J.

A Gradient of Sharpening Effects by Perceptual Prior across the Human Cortical Hierarchy

人类皮质层次中知觉先验的锐化效应梯度

• DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2023-20.2020
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: The Journal of Neuroscience
• 作者: González;He, Biyu J.
• 通讯作者: He, Biyu J.

Next frontiers in consciousness research

意识研究的下一个前沿

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.042
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: Neuron
• 影响因子: 16.2
• 作者: He; Biyu J.
• 通讯作者: Biyu J.

One-trial perceptual learning in the absence of conscious remembering and independent of the medial temporal lobe

无意识记忆且独立于内侧颞叶的一试感知学习

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104072118
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Squire, Larry R.;Frascino, Jennifer C.;Rivera, Charlotte S.;Heyworth, Nadine C.;He, Biyu J.
• 通讯作者: He, Biyu J.

Towards a pluralistic neurobiological understanding of consciousness

对意识的多元化神经生物学理解

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.02.001
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
• 影响因子: 19.9
• 作者: He; Biyu J.
• 通讯作者: Biyu J.