CAREER: Reactivation controls, timescales, and styles at quiescent hotspot volcanoes: Insights from the Canary Islands

职业：静止热点火山的重新激活控制、时间尺度和类型：来自加那利群岛的见解

基本信息

批准号：
1944723
负责人：
Marc-Antoine Longpre
金额：
$ 49.78万
依托单位：
CUNY Queens College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1944723&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Reactivation controls timescales styles

项目摘要

This CAREER award seeks to quantify the nature and timescales of processes by which quiescent volcanoes reactivate to erupt again. Understanding this rejuvenation process remains a challenging, but important goal of modern volcano science. General relationships between the duration of precursory activity (that is, eruption run-up) and other variables, such as repose period and magma composition, are promising for improved eruption forecasting and understanding of the life cycles of volcanoes, but need further testing at “controlled” case studies. With available data on 13 historic eruptions across four different islands providing constraints on crustal structure, magmatic system configuration, magma composition, repose period, and eruption style, the Canary Islands represent an ideal natural laboratory to test ideas on the behavior of quiescent hotspot volcanoes fed from deep within Earth. Preliminary data suggest that (1) reactivation of Canary Island volcanoes is controlled by new influx of deep-sourced magma into the upper mantle magmatic system and that (2) the time lapse between this deep recharge and eruption is typically on the order of a few months. In order to test these hypotheses, this study will document the style of compositional zoning of a large number of olivine and clinopyroxene crystals across all 13 eruptions, through analysis of crystal images and integration of research in the classroom. This will be complemented by quantitative micro-analysis on a subset of representative crystals and small inclusions of volcanic glass trapped within them. These data will be utilized to identify magmatic processes leading to volcano reactivation and to calculate eruption run-up for all eruptions. The design of this project will further allow testing whether eruption run-up is dependent upon crustal structure, repose period, and magma composition and whether it has an incidence on eruption style, which will improve our understanding of the inner workings of these volcanoes and associated hazards. The educational component of this CAREER project centers on the implementation of a course-based undergraduate research experience, which will involve students in research design, sample preparation, data collection, and interpretation and dissemination of results and, whereby, will directly inform the scientific goals of the work. A tiered and near-peer mentoring plan between the principal investigator, graduate students, and undergraduate students will foster student success and will be supported by an established mentor training program. On-site and online outreach activities will be coordinated with a volcano interpretive center in the Canary Islands. Finally, video tutorials will be produced and made openly available to facilitate the use of our approach by other researchers, educators, and students. The natural experiment of this project exploits available data on historic Canary Island eruptions and systematic petrologic analyses of their products to isolate variables that cause reactivation — and control its duration and style — at quiescent hotspot volcanoes. Grayscale analysis of backscatter electron images of numerous crystals will be combined with high-precision electron probe analysis on selected crystals. In addition, Raman, ion microprobe and LA-ICP-MS measurements of volatile and trace element concentrations of melt inclusions within these same crystals will be performed. Diffusion chronometry will be used to quantify eruption run-up for all 13 historic eruptions in the Canary Islands, which will provide important data for hazard assessment and future eruption forecasting efforts in the archipelago. This approach will in turn allow testing postulated global relationships between eruption run-up, repose period, magma composition, and eruption style at individual volcanoes across a single hotspot. The work will advance the understanding of how olivine and clinopyroxene record magmatic processes and their timescales and will reveal new insights into the crystal cargo of basaltic magmas.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该职业奖旨在量化静止火山再次爆发的过程的性质和时间表。了解这一修订过程仍然是一个挑战，但现代火山科学的重要目标。承诺，有望改善火山生命周期的喷发预测和理解，但需要在“控制”的案例研究中进行进一步的测试。有了有关四个不同岛屿的13次历史喷发的可用数据，这些岛屿提供了关于地壳结构，岩浆系统配置，岩浆成分，安息期和喷发风格的限制，金丝雀群岛代表了一个理想的自然实验室，以测试有关静物热点火山的行为，从地球深处喂养的静物热点火山的行为。初步数据表明，（1）加那利岛火山的重新激活受深层岩浆对上地幔岩浆系统的新影响控制，并且（2）（2）这种深层补给和喷发之间的时间段通常是在几个月的时间内。为了检验这些假设，这项研究将通过分析晶体图像的分析和课堂上的研究整合，记录所有13次喷发中大量橄榄石和斜氧烯晶体的组成分区风格。这将通过对代表性晶体的一部分和被困在其中的火山玻璃的一小部分夹杂物上进行定量微型分析来完成。这些数据将用于识别导致火山重新激活的岩浆过程，并计算所有喷发的喷发量。该项目的设计将进一步测试喷发量是否取决于地壳结构，安息期和岩浆成分，以及它是否具有喷发样式的发病率，这将提高我们对这些火山和相关危害的内部运作的理解。该职业项目的教育组成部分集中在实施基于课程的本科研究经验的基础上，该研究将使学生参与研究设计，样本准备，数据收集，解释以及结果的传播，因此，将直接为工作的科学目标提供信息。主要研究人员，研究生和本科生之间的一项分层和近距离的心理计划将促进学生的成功，并将得到一项既定的心理培训计划的支持。现场和在线外展活动将与加那利群岛的火山解释中心协调。最后，将制作并公开制作视频教程，以促进其他研究人员，教育工作者和学生使用我们的方法。该项目的自然实验利用了有关其产品的历史性金丝雀岛爆发和系统的岩石学分析的可用数据，以隔离在静态热点火山上引起重新激活并控制其持续时间和风格的变量。对所选晶体的高精度电子探测分析，将对许多晶体的反向散射电子图像进行灰度分析。此外，将执行拉曼，离子微探针和LA-ICP-MS测量，这些测量将进行这些相同晶体内熔融夹杂物的挥发性和痕量元素浓度。扩散时间表将用于量化金丝雀群岛所有13次历史喷发的喷发量，这将为危险评估和未来的喷发预测提供重要数据。这种方法又将允许在单个热点跨个别火山的单个火山上测试爆发的升级，安息期，岩浆成分和喷发样式之间的全球关系。这项工作将提高人们对橄榄石和斜氧烯记录的岩浆过程及其时间表的了解，并将揭示对玄武岩岩浆水晶货物的新见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。