Evaluating the causes of protracted explosive eruptions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

评估夏威夷基拉韦厄火山长期爆发的原因

基本信息

批准号：
1939964
负责人：
Jessica Warren
金额：
$ 25.56万
依托单位：
University of Delaware
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-03-01 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1939964&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Evaluating causes protracted explosive eruptions

项目摘要

In the past 2,500 years, Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) has had several centuries-long periods of dominantly explosive eruptive activity. After the after the 2018 caldera collapse, there were large lava flow outpourings at the East Rift Zone and a shift to explosive behavior. Researchers see the connection between those events as a trend that occurred in the past and may repeat. Work will include olivine geochemistry and diffusion chronometry to address three questions: 1) what is the role crustal versus mantle inputs in the transition to an explosive phase at Kilauea? 2) what is the effect of caldera collapse on the system on the plumbing feeding subsequent eruptions? 3) over what time scale does the transition from effusive to dominantly explosive eruptions take place? This project will provide an early career researcher with experience managing and running a large research project at an academic institution. Exercises will be developed on effusive vs. explosive eruptions for use during K-12 classroom sessions through the non-profit program Skype a Scientist, bringing STEM enrichment to schools across the country. This project will emphasize advancing scientific understanding of explosive volcanic eruptions to better evaluate hazard potentials for this type of eruptive behavior. Finally, these data will inform on pre-eruptive warning signs for future explosive eruptions in Hawaii, further developing the potential for geochemical methods to be used as monitoring and predictive tools. Repeated patterns in mineral and lava geochemistry from 1500 C.E. to present suggest that explosive periods are controlled by fundamentally different crustal processes than effusive periods and are intimately linked to cycles of basaltic caldera collapse. This project will investigate the causes of protracted explosive volcanism at Kilauea by examining the geochemistry of lavas and tephra from the Uwekahuna Ash, a 1200-year period of explosive activity. Mineral compositions and zoning patterns will be used to determine the timescales of magma mixing and storage. Glass major and trace element geochemistry will be used to characterize mantle source composition, partial melting, and the flux of magma into the volcanic system. Combined with existing datasets for eruptions spanning 1500-present day, these analyses will be used to look for – and evaluate the causes of – repeating patterns in the geochemical record over the past 2,500 years.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在过去的2500年中，基拉韦阿火山（夏威夷）拥有数个世纪的爆炸性爆发活动。在2018年火山口倒塌之后，东裂谷区有大量的熔岩流动，并转向爆炸性行为。研究人员将这些事件之间的联系视为过去发生并可能重复的趋势。工作将包括橄榄石地球化学和扩散时间表来解决三个问题：1）在过渡到Kilauea的爆炸性阶段中，地壳与地幔输入的作用是什么？ 2）火山口塌陷对系统随后喷发的影响是什么？ 3）在什么时间范围内，从出水到爆炸性爆发的过渡会发生？该项目将为早期的职业研究人员提供在学术机构管理和运行大型研究项目的经验。将通过非营利计划Skype A科学家在K-12课堂课程中使用爆发与爆炸性爆发进行练习，从而使STEM富集到全国各地的学校。该项目将强调提高对爆炸性火山喷发的科学理解，以更好地评估这种喷发行为的危害潜力。最后，这些数据将告知夏威夷将来爆炸性喷发的爆发前警告信号，进一步开发了将地球化学方法用作监测和预测工具的潜力。从公元1500年开始，矿物质和熔岩地球化学的重复模式表明，爆炸性时期是由与肥大时期的根本不同的地壳过程控制的，并且与玄武岩岩塌陷的周期密切相关。该项目将通过检查Uwekahuna Ash的地球化学和Tephra的地球化学，这是1200年的爆炸性活动时期，调查Kilauea爆炸火山的原因。矿物组成和分区模式将用于确定岩浆混合和存储的时间尺度。玻璃主要和痕量元件地球化学将用于表征地幔源组成，部分熔化以及岩浆的通量到火山系统中。 Combined with existing datasets for eruptions spanning 1500-present day, these analyses will be used to look for – and evaluate the causes of – repeating patterns in the geochemical record over the past 2,500 years.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed honestly of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.