CAREER: Cryptic origins of evolutionary novelty in Caribbean pupfishes: genomic, functional, and ecological conditions for crossing fitness valleys and colonizing adaptive peaks

职业：加勒比海鳉鱼进化新颖性的神秘起源：跨越适应谷和殖民适应峰的基因组、功能和生态条件

基本信息

批准号：
1938571
负责人：
Christopher Martin
金额：
$ 87万
依托单位：
University of California-Berkeley
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-07-01 至 2024-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1938571&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Cryptic origins evolutionary novelty

项目摘要

One of the most fascinating features of the natural world is the evolution of novelty, when existing structures take on new functions or new ecological roles. Think of the narwhal's tooth, the anglerfish's lure, or the lightning beetle's glowing abdomen. Novelty underlies major transitions in the history of life, including moving from sea to land and the origins of unique mammalian traits such as fur and lactation. However, this process is challenging to study because novel transitions are not often observed at their earliest stages. Missing the early stages means missing out on the opportunity for experimental studies. This research will use a rapidly evolving group of fish to study novel transitions. Since these fish exhibit novel skeletal structures, prey capture behaviors, and ecological niches, they are well-suited for such studies. This project will produce fundamental knowledge of how genes control facial structures and behavior; this knowledge will be useful in understanding variation in all vertebrates, including humans. In addition, a public database for managing endangered species in captivity will be created. New, research-immersive courses will be developed. These courses will provide valuable training in statistical programming and data analysis for undergraduates.This research spans genotype to ecosystem to address a fundamental question: how does novelty originate from the intersection of ecology, natural selection, performance, and genetics? Answering this question is key to understanding how microevolutionary processes promote macroevolutionary patterns of novelty across the tree of life. Conventional understanding suggests novelty arises from resource abundance in new environments. More recent laboratory studies suggest complex dynamics lead to the evolution of novelty. This project will help bridge the gap between these two fields. To do so, the research will experimentally investigate novel transitions to scale-eating and snail-eating. Both feeding modes originated from an ancestral diet of algae in Caribbean pupfishes. The researchers will employ: 1) field and laboratory experiments measuring selection on hybrid phenotypes across environments; 2) ecosystem-scale measurements of productivity; 3) functional studies of hybrid performance; and 4) quantitative genetic and genomic analyses of the genetic basis of adaptive traits and source of adaptive variation. Hybrid crosses among pupfish species will be reared in the lab. Their fitness will be measured within field enclosures in hypersaline lakes on San Salvador Island and neighboring Bahamian islands. Lake respiration and macroalgae biomass will be measured across these lakes to assess resource abundance. The age and origin of genetic variation associated with adaptive trophic morphology will be investigated using whole-genome resequencing, genetic crosses, association mapping, and introgression analysis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

自然界最迷人的特征之一是当现有结构承担新功能或新生态角色时，新颖性的演变。想想独角鲸的牙齿、琵琶鱼的诱饵或闪电甲虫发光的腹部。新颖性是生命史上重大转变的基础，包括从海洋到陆地的转变以及皮毛和哺乳等独特哺乳动物特征的起源。然而，这个过程的研究具有挑战性，因为新的转变在最早阶段通常不会被观察到。错过早期阶段就意味着错过实验研究的机会。这项研究将利用一群快速进化的鱼类来研究新的转变。由于这些鱼表现出新颖的骨骼结构、猎物捕获行为和生态位，因此它们非常适合此类研究。该项目将产生基因如何控制面部结构和行为的基础知识；这些知识将有助于理解包括人类在内的所有脊椎动物的变异。此外，还将创建一个管理圈养濒危物种的公共数据库。将开发新的、沉浸式研究课程。这些课程将为本科生提供统计编程和数据分析方面的宝贵培训。这项研究涵盖基因型到生态系统，以解决一个基本问题：生态学、自然选择、性能和遗传学的交叉点如何产生新颖性？回答这个问题是理解微观进化过程如何促进整个生命树的宏观进化模式的关键。传统的理解认为，新颖性源于新环境中资源的丰富性。最近的实验室研究表明，复杂的动力学导致了新颖性的演变。该项目将有助于弥合这两个领域之间的差距。为此，该研究将通过实验研究食鳞和食蜗牛的新转变。这两种喂养方式都起源于加勒比海马鱼祖先的藻类饮食。研究人员将采用：1）现场和实验室实验来测量跨环境的混合表型选择； 2) 生态系统规模的生产力测量； 3）混合性能的功能研究； 4）适应性特征遗传基础和适应性变异来源的定量遗传和基因组分析。鳉鱼物种之间的杂交将在实验室中饲养。它们的健康状况将在圣萨尔瓦多岛和邻近巴哈马群岛的高盐湖的围场内进行测量。将测量这些湖泊的湖泊呼吸和大型藻类生物量，以评估资源丰富度。将使用全基因组重测序、遗传杂交、关联作图和基因渗入分析来研究与适应性营养形态相关的遗传变异的年龄和起源。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力评估进行评估，认为值得支持。优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（23）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The Paradox Behind the Pattern of Rapid Adaptive Radiation: How Can the Speciation Process Sustain Itself Through an Early Burst?

DOI：
10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443
发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 50
影响因子：
0
作者：
Martin, Christopher H.;Richards, Emilie J.
通讯作者：
Richards, Emilie J.

A vertebrate adaptive radiation is assembled from an ancient and disjunct spatiotemporal landscape

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2011811118
发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
E. Richards;J. A. McGirr;Jeremy R. Wang;M. S. St. John;J. Poelstra;Maria J. Solano;Delaney C. O’Connell;B. Turner;C. Martin
通讯作者：
E. Richards;J. A. McGirr;Jeremy R. Wang;M. S. St. John;J. Poelstra;Maria J. Solano;Delaney C. O’Connell;B. Turner;C. Martin

Linking ecomechanical models and functional traits to understand phenotypic diversity