CAREER: Cryptic origins of evolutionary novelty in Caribbean pupfishes: genomic, functional, and ecological conditions for crossing fitness valleys and colonizing adaptive peaks

职业：加勒比海鳉鱼进化新颖性的神秘起源：跨越适应谷和殖民适应峰的基因组、功能和生态条件

• 批准号: 1938571
• 负责人: Christopher Martin
• 金额: $ 87万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1938571&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Cryptic; origins; evolutionary; novelty

One of the most fascinating features of the natural world is the evolution of novelty, when existing structures take on new functions or new ecological roles. Think of the narwhal's tooth, the anglerfish's lure, or the lightning beetle's glowing abdomen. Novelty underlies major transitions in the history of life, including moving from sea to land and the origins of unique mammalian traits such as fur and lactation. However, this process is challenging to study because novel transitions are not often observed at their earliest stages. Missing the early stages means missing out on the opportunity for experimental studies. This research will use a rapidly evolving group of fish to study novel transitions. Since these fish exhibit novel skeletal structures, prey capture behaviors, and ecological niches, they are well-suited for such studies. This project will produce fundamental knowledge of how genes control facial structures and behavior; this knowledge will be useful in understanding variation in all vertebrates, including humans. In addition, a public database for managing endangered species in captivity will be created. New, research-immersive courses will be developed. These courses will provide valuable training in statistical programming and data analysis for undergraduates.This research spans genotype to ecosystem to address a fundamental question: how does novelty originate from the intersection of ecology, natural selection, performance, and genetics? Answering this question is key to understanding how microevolutionary processes promote macroevolutionary patterns of novelty across the tree of life. Conventional understanding suggests novelty arises from resource abundance in new environments. More recent laboratory studies suggest complex dynamics lead to the evolution of novelty. This project will help bridge the gap between these two fields. To do so, the research will experimentally investigate novel transitions to scale-eating and snail-eating. Both feeding modes originated from an ancestral diet of algae in Caribbean pupfishes. The researchers will employ: 1) field and laboratory experiments measuring selection on hybrid phenotypes across environments; 2) ecosystem-scale measurements of productivity; 3) functional studies of hybrid performance; and 4) quantitative genetic and genomic analyses of the genetic basis of adaptive traits and source of adaptive variation. Hybrid crosses among pupfish species will be reared in the lab. Their fitness will be measured within field enclosures in hypersaline lakes on San Salvador Island and neighboring Bahamian islands. Lake respiration and macroalgae biomass will be measured across these lakes to assess resource abundance. The age and origin of genetic variation associated with adaptive trophic morphology will be investigated using whole-genome resequencing, genetic crosses, association mapping, and introgression analysis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当现有结构扮演新功能或新的生态作用时，自然世界中最迷人的特征之一是新颖性的发展。想一想野鲸的牙齿，钓鱼者的诱饵或闪电甲虫的发光腹部。新颖性是生命史上的重大转变，包括从海到土地，以及独特的哺乳动物特征的起源，例如皮毛和哺乳。但是，这一过程在研究中具有挑战性，因为在最早的阶段不经常观察到新颖的过渡。缺少早期阶段意味着错过实验研究的机会。这项研究将使用快速发展的鱼类研究新的过渡。由于这些鱼表现出新颖的骨骼结构，猎物捕获行为和生态壁ni，因此非常适合此类研究。该项目将对基因如何控制面部结构和行为产生基本知识；这些知识将有助于理解包括人类在内的所有脊椎动物的变化。此外，还将创建用于管理囚禁中濒危物种的公共数据库。将开发新的，研究的脱皮课程。这些课程将为本科生提供统计编程和数据分析的宝贵培训。这项研究跨越了生态系统的基因型，以解决一个基本问题：新颖性如何源自生态学，自然选择，表现，遗传学和遗传学的交集？回答这个问题是了解微观进化过程如何促进整个生命树的新颖性的关键。传统的理解表明，新颖性来自新环境中的资源丰度。最近的实验室研究表明，复杂的动态导致新颖性的发展。该项目将有助于弥合这两个字段之间的差距。为此，该研究将实验研究到进食和蜗牛进食的新型过渡。两种饲料模式均源自加勒比海pup鱼藻类的祖先饮食。研究人员将采用：1）测量环境中混合表型选择的现场和实验室实验； 2）生产力的生态系统规模测量； 3）杂交性能的功能研究； 4）适应性特征的遗传基础和适应性变异来源的定量遗传和基因组分析。 pup鱼物种之间的杂种十字架将在实验室中饲养。它们的健身将在圣萨尔瓦多岛和邻近巴哈马群岛的Hypersaline湖泊的田间围墙内进行测量。将在这些湖泊中测量湖泊呼吸和大藻类生物量，以评估资源丰度。将使用全基因组重新定制，遗传十字，关联映射和渗入分析来研究与自适应营养形态相关的遗传变异的年龄和起源。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

The Paradox Behind the Pattern of Rapid Adaptive Radiation: How Can the Speciation Process Sustain Itself Through an Early Burst?

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 50
• 作者: Martin, Christopher H.;Richards, Emilie J.
• 通讯作者: Richards, Emilie J.

A vertebrate adaptive radiation is assembled from an ancient and disjunct spatiotemporal landscape

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011811118
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: E. Richards;J. A. McGirr;Jeremy R. Wang;M. S. St. John;J. Poelstra;Maria J. Solano;Delaney C. O’Connell;B. Turner;C. Martin

Linking ecomechanical models and functional traits to understand phenotypic diversity

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.05.009
• 发表时间: 2021-08-10
• 期刊: TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 16.8
• 作者: Higham, Timothy E.;Ferry, Lara A.;Niklas, Karl J.
• 通讯作者: Niklas, Karl J.

The behavioral origins of novelty: did increased aggression lead to scale-eating in pupfishes?

新奇的行为起源：攻击性的增加是否会导致鳉鱼吃鳞？

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary196
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: St. John, Michelle E;McGirr, Joseph A;Martin, Christopher H
• 通讯作者: Martin, Christopher H

Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Performance Landscape for Suction-Feeding Fishes Reveal Multiple Peaks for Different Prey Types

吸食性鱼类性能景观的水动力模拟揭示了不同猎物类型的多个峰值

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa021
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Integrative and comparative biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Karin H Olsson, Christopher H