Collaborative Research: Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing flux observations for benchmarking model projections of permafrost carbon exchange

合作研究：永久冻土碳网络：综合通量观测结果以用于永久冻土碳交换的基准模型预测

• 批准号: 1931333
• 负责人: Edward Schuur
• 金额: $ 106.29万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1931333&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Permafrost; Carbon; Network

Permafrost is ground that is frozen all year round for two or more years. Permafrost contains carbon from the remnants of plants, microbes, and animals that have accumulated over thousands of years. Present estimates suggest that permafrost currently holds twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, which are released as carbon dioxide and methane gas as the permafrost degrades in response to climate warming. Release of just a fraction of this frozen carbon could have significant impacts on the global carbon cycle that may dramatically increase the rate of future global climate warming and accelerate sea-level rise, extreme weather, droughts, and impacts on agriculture at rates beyond those currently projected by models. Most climate models do not yet fully include the feedback loops that cause northern regions to emit additional carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere, so the level of risk to society is uncertain. This proposal supports the Permafrost Carbon Network, formed to link biological carbon cycle research with well-developed networks in the physical sciences focused on the thermal state of permafrost. The Permafrost Carbon Network produces new knowledge by synthesizing a wide range of research results into a more coherent circumpolar view of the role of permafrost carbon in driving future climate change.This proposal supports the activities of the Permafrost Carbon Network to: 1) expand networking opportunities that engage the community and enable new science synthesis ideas to arise through the activities of working groups, 2) synthesize permafrost zone carbon flux data from US and international sites to produce a unified time series of ecosystem-atmosphere carbon exchange that can be updated as new data become available, and 3) benchmark the recently completed Permafrost Carbon Network model inter-comparison experiment using new and past data synthesis and experimental results. This combination of research and networking activities gives scientists and decision makers an annually updated view of changing Arctic carbon emissions to the atmosphere in relation to Earth System Model forecasts, while also helping to prioritize and implement improvements to climate models. The new research activities and expanded networking build upon past Permafrost Carbon Network momentum as a foundation to increase, distill, and communicate our understanding of change in this remote region with its important consequences for society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

永久冻土是指全年冻结两年或两年以上的地面。 永久冻土含有来自植物、微生物和动物数千年来积累的残余物的碳。 目前的估计表明，目前永久冻土层中的碳含量是大气的两倍，随着气候变暖导致永久冻土层退化，这些碳以二氧化碳和甲烷的形式释放出来。 仅释放一小部分冻结碳就可能对全球碳循环产生重大影响，从而可能大大增加未来全球气候变暖的速度，并加速海平面上升、极端天气、干旱以及对农业的影响，其速度超出目前的水平由模型预测。大多数气候模型尚未完全包含导致北部地区向大气排放额外二氧化碳和甲烷的反馈回路，因此对社会的风险程度尚不确定。该提案支持永久冻土碳网络，该网络的成立旨在将生物碳循环研究与专注于永久冻土热状态的物理科学领域的成熟网络联系起来。永久冻土碳网络通过综合广泛的研究成果，形成关于永久冻土碳在推动未来气候变化中的作用的更连贯的极地观点，从而产生新知识。该提案支持永久冻土碳网络的活动：1）扩大联网机会使社区参与进来，并通过工作组的活动产生新的科学综合想法，2）综合来自美国和国际站点的永久冻土区碳通量数据，以产生生态系统-大气碳交换的统一时间序列，随着新数据的出现而更新，3）使用新的和过去的数据合成和实验结果对最近完成的永久冻土碳网络模型相互比较实验进行基准测试。这种研究和网络活动的结合使科学家和决策者能够每年更新与地球系统模型预测相关的北极大气碳排放变化的情况，同时还有助于确定优先顺序并实施对气候模型的改进。新的研究活动和扩大的网络建立在过去的永久冻土碳网络动力的基础上，作为增加、提炼和交流我们对这个偏远地区的变化及其对社会的重要影响的理解的基础。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为是值得的通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Only halving emissions by 2030 can minimize risks of crossing cryosphere thresholds

只有到 2030 年将排放量减半才能最大限度地降低跨越冰冻圈阈值的风险

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-022-01566-4
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Nature Climate Change
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: Kloenne, Uta;Nauels, Alexander;Pearson, Pam;DeConto, Robert M.;Findlay, Helen S.;Hugelius, Gustaf;Robinson, Alexander;Rogelj, Joeri;Schuur, Edward A.;Stroeve, Julienne
• 通讯作者: Stroeve, Julienne

A new approach to simulate peat accumulation, degradation and stability in a global land surface scheme (JULES vn5.8_accumulate_soil) for northern and temperate peatlands

• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-15-1633-2022
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Geoscientific Model Development
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: S. Chadburn

Full Implementation of Matrix Approach to Biogeochemistry Module of CLM5

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ms002105
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: Xingjie Lu;Z. Du;Yuanyuan Huang;D. Lawrence;E. Kluzek;N. Collier;D. Lombardozzi;N. Sobhani;E. Schuur;Yiqi Luo

Representativeness assessment of the pan-Arctic eddy covariance site network and optimized future enhancements

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-559-2022
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: M. Pallandt;J. Kumar;M. Mauritz;E. Schuur;Anna‐Maria Virkkala;G. Celis;F. Hoffman;M. Göckede

The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO₂ flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

ABCflux 数据库：北极 - 北方 CO₂ 通量观测值和辅助信息汇总为整个陆地生态系统的每月时间步长

• DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-179-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Earth System Science Data
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Virkkala​​​​​​​, Anna-Maria;Natali, Susan M.;Rogers, Brendan M.;Watts, Jennifer D.;Savage, Kathleen;Connon, Sara June;Mauritz, Marguerite;Schuur, Edward A.;Peter, Darcy;Minions, Christina
• 通讯作者: Minions, Christina