Collaborative Research: The role of habitat transitions in parallel marine fish radiations

合作研究：栖息地转变在平行海洋鱼类辐射中的作用

• 批准号: 1929248
• 负责人: Ricardo Betancur
• 金额: $ 8.27万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-20 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929248&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; role; habitat; transitions

Fish diversity spans high-performance swimmers such as tunas, barracudas, and swordfish that spend their entire life cruising the open ocean in search of food (pelagic species) to sluggish, sedentary forms such as flounders or seahorses that live buried in the bottom or attached to vegetation (benthic species). Much variation in body form and habit can be explained by adaptation to the habitats where these fishes live. But the effects of ecological habitat on processes leading to diversification over evolutionary time remain poorly explored. This project will focus on two groups of closely related species that harbor a huge diversity of benthic and pelagic forms (about 2000 species) to disentangle the effects of habitat transitions on rates of speciation and extinction. Understanding the factors that promote diversification in form and habit is important for the long-term conservation of marine biodiversity. Innovative image data analysis necessary to synthesize morphological variation among these fishes also will be applied to develop a fish species identification app for smartphones (FishSnap) that will be freely available to the public, expandable in the future to include all fishes. Educational opportunities will be available for undergraduate and graduate students and outreach activities in partnership with the National Museum of Natural History in Washington DC will result in a new public exhibit on fish biodiversity.Recent studies in fish phylogenetics are resolving long-lasting uncertainties about the relationships among the most species-rich marine fish groups, and opening up unprecedented opportunities to infer mechanisms that explain their extraordinary diversity. This project takes advantage of newly discovered affinities among fishes that revealed two independent clades with benthic and pelagic forms to investigate connections between genomic and morphological features in relation to their ecological habitat. The researchers will collect and compare a genome-scale DNA sequence data set of protein-coding genes to infer a phylogenetic tree for about 800 species of these two groups. This tree will be time-calibrated on the basis of carefully selected fossil data to provide a dated evolutionary framework for comparative studies. The project will also assemble a large phenotypic (digital image) dataset of curated specimens for morphometric analysis. Using state-of-the art comparative methodologies, this project will shed light on the effect of habitat shifts along the benthic-pelagic axis on the rate of morphological and lineage diversification. The integration of well-resolved molecular phylogenies, the fossil record, trait and ecological data, and comparative methodologies will provide new insights to understand the causes of marine biodiversity.

鱼类多样性跨越高性能游泳者，例如金枪鱼，梭子鱼和剑鱼，它们一生都在开放海洋中巡游，以寻找食物（Pelagic物种），以使其持久的久坐不动的形式（例如，比目鱼或海马）居住在底部或附着在植被或附着在植被中（底栖生物）。可以通过适应这些鱼类的栖息地来解释身体形式和习惯的许多变化。但是，生态栖息地对导致进化时间多样化的过程的影响仍然很差。该项目将集中在两组密切相关的物种上，这些物种具有巨大的底栖和全骨形式（大约2000种），以消除栖息地过渡对物种和灭绝率的影响。了解促进形式和习惯多样化的因素对于长期保护海洋生物多样性很重要。对于这些鱼类之间的形态变化所必需的创新图像数据分析也将应用于开发智能手机（FishSNAP）的鱼类识别应用程序（FISHSNAP），该应用程序将在将来可以在公众中自由使用，以便将来扩展以包括所有鱼类。与华盛顿特区的国家自然历史博物馆合作，将为本科和研究生提供教育机会，并进行宣传活动，这将导致一项有关鱼类生物多样性的新公开展览。鱼类系统发育学研究的研究正在解决有关最富裕的海洋鱼类组中最大程度地宣布的机制，以推断出较高的机制，以推断出较高的机制，以推断出越来越多的机制，以推断出较高的态度，以推断出来的机会，以推断出来，以推断出来，以推断出来，以推断出来推断其推断的机会。该项目利用了鱼类中新发现的亲和力，揭示了两个具有底栖和全骨形式的独立进化枝来研究基因组和形态学特征与其生态栖息地之间的联系。研究人员将收集和比较蛋白质编码基因的基因组规模DNA序列数据集，以推断这两组中约800种的系统发育树。该树将根据精心选择的化石数据进行时间校准，以提供比较研究的日期进化框架。该项目还将组装一个大型表型（数字图像）数据集的策划标本，以进行形态计量分析。使用最先进的比较方法，该项目将阐明沿底栖 - - - - 沿轴对形态和谱系多样化速率的栖息地变化的影响。良好解决的分子系统发育，化石记录，性状和生态数据以及比较方法的整合将提供新的见解，以了解海洋生物多样性的原因。