WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: Combining Theory with Observations to Unlock the Multi-Messenger Physics of Compact Binary Mergers

WoU-MMA：合作研究：理论与观察相结合，解锁紧凑二元合并的多信使物理

• 批准号: 1907975
• 负责人: Alessandra Corsi
• 金额: $ 26.86万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1907975&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: WoU; MMA; Collaborative; Research; Combining

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) radiation from the binary neutron star (NS) merger GW170817, associated with a short gamma-ray burst (GRB), has heralded the new era of multi-messenger astrophysics. The combined analysis of GWs and light at all wavelengths has enabled us to draw a remarkably detailed picture of a cosmic collision between two NSs, solving the riddle of the origin of heavy elements, confirming the link between compact binary mergers and short GRBs, shedding new light on the physics of relativistic jets, and providing new constraints on cosmology. With only one event so far, however, several key questions remain open. A scientific collaboration between Oregon State University (OSU) and Texas Tech University (TTU) will investigate several major scientific issues through a combination of theoretical and observational research. Astronomers do not yet know whether GW170817 is a typical NS-NS merger, or rather a peculiar transient. The diversity of a larger sample of NS-NS mergers must be studied in order to derive statistically meaningful conclusions about the physics involved. Moreover, a new class of transients arising from mergers of black holes (BHs) with NSs is yet to be studied. Two graduate students and more than six undergraduate students will be trained in research at OSU and TTU. Both of these institutions have student populations dominated by first generation students, and students from local rural communities. The co-principal investigators (PIs) will bring age-appropriate presentations and hands-on activities to the public through partnerships with the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry. TTU will host a prize lecture in the Spanish language, to be delivered by the OSU co-PI. The project has three main goals that will be accomplished by developing and comparing specific event-by-event models, constrained by broad-band data: (i) determining the nature of merger remnants (BH vs NS), as well as the acceleration mechanisms at play in their relativistic outflows, by mapping the diversity of time delays between the GW and EM emissions, and of ejecta angular structures; (ii) shedding light on NS-NS binary evolution models by comparing the properties of the ambient medium around different mergers; (iii) characterizing the variety of merger dynamics and NS properties (magnetization and equation of state) by comparing NS-NS events and NS-BH ones. The OSU group has developed a suite of tools for numerical modelling of EM emission from relativistic jets. The TTU group enjoys access to a variety of already approved observing programs for EM follow-up of GWs. Via this OSU-TTU collaborative project, model predictions will be fed back to the observers in real time, maximizing theoretical understanding while minimizing costs in terms of observational resources. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对双中子星 (NS) 合并 GW170817 产生的引力波 (GW) 和电磁 (EM) 辐射的探测，与短伽马射线爆发 (GRB) 相关，预示着多信使天体物理学的新时代的到来。对所有波长的引力波和光的综合分析使我们能够绘制出两个NS之间的宇宙碰撞的非常详细的图景，解决了重元素起源之谜，确认了紧凑双星合并和短伽玛暴之间的联系，并释放了新的粒子。阐明相对论喷流物理学，并为宇宙学提供新的约束。然而，到目前为止，只有一场活动，几个关键问题仍然悬而未决。 俄勒冈州立大学 (OSU) 和德克萨斯理工大学 (TTU) 之间的科学合作将通过理论和观察研究相结合来研究几个重大科学问题。天文学家尚不清楚 GW170817 是否是一次典型的 NS-NS 合并，或者更确切地说是一次特殊的瞬变。必须研究更大样本的 NS-NS 合并的多样性，以便得出有关所涉及物理的统计上有意义的结论。此外，由黑洞（BH）与NS合并而产生的一类新的瞬变还有待研究。两名研究生和六名以上本科生将在俄勒冈州立大学和多伦多科技大学接受研究培训。这两个机构的学生群体均以第一代学生和来自当地农村社区的学生为主。联合首席研究员 (PI) 将通过与俄勒冈州科学与工业博物馆的合作，为公众带来适合年龄的演示和实践活动。 TTU 将举办西班牙语有奖讲座，由俄勒冈州立大学联合首席教授主讲。该项目有三个主要目标，将通过开发和比较特定的逐个事件模型并受到宽带数据的约束来实现：(i) 确定合并残余物的性质（BH 与 NS）以及加速机制通过绘制GW和EM发射之间的时间延迟以及喷射物角结构的多样性，在它们的相对论流出中发挥作用； (ii) 通过比较不同合并周围环境介质的特性，揭示 NS-NS 二元演化模型； (iii) 通过比较 NS-NS 事件和 NS-BH 事件来表征合并动力学和 NS 属性（磁化和状态方程）的变化。俄勒冈州立大学小组开发了一套工具，用于对相对论射流的电磁发射进行数值模拟。 TTU 小组可以参与各种已批准的观测计划，以对 GW 进行 EM 跟踪。通过这个 OSU-TTU 合作项目，模型预测将实时反馈给观测者，最大限度地提高理论理解，同时最大限度地减少观测资源成本。该项目推进了 NSF 宇宙之窗大创意的目标。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The Panchromatic Afterglow of GW170817: The Full Uniform Data Set, Modeling, Comparison with Previous Results, and Implications

GW170817 的全色余辉：完整的统一数据集、建模、与先前结果的比较以及启示

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1ffc
• 发表时间: 2020-06-03
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: S. Makhathini;Kunal Mooley;M. Brightman;K. Hotokezaka;A. Nayana;H. Intema;D. Dobie;E. Lenc;D. Perley;C. Fremling;J. Moldón;Davide Lazzati;David L. Kaplan;A. Balasubramanian;Ian Brown;D. Carbone;P. Ch;ra;ra;A. Corsi;F. Camilo;Adam T. Deller;D. Frail;Tara Murphy;Eric J. Murphy;E. Nakar;O. Smirnov;R. Beswick;Rob Fender;G. Hallinan;I. Heywood;M. Kasliwal;Bomee Lee;Wenbin Lu;J. Rana;S. Perkins;Sarah V. White;G. I. Józsa;B. Hugo;P. Kamphuis
• 通讯作者: P. Kamphuis

Search for Radio Remnants of Nearby Off-axis Gamma-Ray Bursts in a Sample of Swift/BAT Events

在 Swift/BAT 事件样本中搜索附近离轴伽马射线暴的无线电残留物

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd315
• 发表时间: 2020-08-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Gr;orf;orf;J. McCarty;P. Rajkumar;H. Harbin;K. H. Lee;A. Corsi;I. Bartos;Z. Márka;A. Balasubramanian;S. Márka
• 通讯作者: S. Márka

Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Events with Vera C. Rubin Observatory

Vera C. Rubin 天文台对引力波事件的机会目标观测

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac617c
• 发表时间: 2021-11-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
• 作者: I. Andreoni;R. Margutti;O. Salafia;B. Parazin;V. Villar;M. Coughlin;P. Yoachim;K. Mortensen
• 通讯作者: K. Mortensen

GW170817 4.5 Yr After Merger: Dynamical Ejecta Afterglow Constraints

GW170817 合并后 4.5 年：动态喷射余辉约束

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9133
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Balasubramanian, Arvind;Corsi, Alessandra;Mooley, Kunal P.;Hotokezaka, Kenta;Kaplan, David L.;Frail, Dale A.;Hallinan, Gregg;Lazzati, Davide;Murphy, Eric J.
• 通讯作者: Murphy, Eric J.

SN2019wxt: An Ultrastripped Supernova Candidate Discovered in the Electromagnetic Follow-up of a Gravitational Wave Trigger

SN2019wxt：在引力波触发的电磁跟踪中发现的超剥离超新星候选者

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acd5d5
• 发表时间: 2022-08-18
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: H. Shivkumar;A. Jaod;A. Balasubramanian;C. Fremling;A. Corsi;A. Tzanidakis;S. Nissanke;M. Kasliwal;M. Brightman;G. Raaijmakers;K. Madsen;F. Harrison;D. Carbone;N. A. J.;J. D'esert;I. Andreoni
• 通讯作者: I. Andreoni