SusChEM: Non-precious metal substitution into hydrogenation metal alloy catalysts deposited onto redox active supports for facile nitrate destruction in drinking water

SusChEM：用非贵金属替代沉积在氧化还原活性载体上的氢化金属合金催化剂，以轻松破坏饮用水中的硝酸盐

基本信息

批准号：
1922504
负责人：
Charles Werth
金额：
$ 34.35万
依托单位：
University of Texas at Austin
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1922504&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
SusChEM Non precious metal substitution

项目摘要

United States companies spend almost $3 billion a year buying and making reduction catalysts to help create fuel, fertilizers, and medicines. Given this investment and proven success, it is perhaps surprising that these catalysts are not used to produce potable drinking water. Instead, current drinking water treatment methods are costly and have potential to harm the environment. The main reason reduction catalysts are not used to clean water is because they are made from precious metals that also have a high cost, and water is a low value product. The research goal of this work is to advance the science of water treatment by replacing precious metals with inexpensive metal reduction catalysts to achieve treatment goals at the lowest cost and with the least harm to the environment. The catalysts will be used to treat nitrate, the most common groundwater pollutant in the world that results primarily from agricultural fertilizer. Student researchers will be trained to become future leaders in this technology, so they can train others to design more effective water treatment plants.The primary goal of the proposed work is to advance the science of supported metal-alloy catalysis for the treatment of the ubiquitous water pollutant nitrate. The specific objectives are to 1) develop new metal alloy nanoparticle catalysts with markedly higher catalytic activity for nitrate reduction; 2) identify electronically active supports that enhance catalytic activity and stability of alloy metal nanoparticles for water treatment; and 3) evaluate the environmental impacts and costs of the new catalysts using life cycle assessment. To address these objectives, a suite of platinum group metal-based alloy nanoparticles with lattice substituted semi- and non-precious metals will be synthesized using a novel microwave-assisted method. The catalysts will be supported on a series of redox active supports and characterized using advanced microscopic/spectroscopic techniques. The new catalysts will be evaluated with/without amended indium for nitrate and nitrite reduction kinetics, and selectivity for ammonia. The results will be compared to catalyst properties and interpreted with density functional theory to identify controlling mechanisms. Long-term catalyst stability will be evaluated under realistic water treatment conditions, and the results used to perform economic and environmental life cycle assessments. The proposed work will result in new fundamental knowledge regarding 1) the effects of hydrogenation-inactive metals on catalysis; 2) the influence of redox active supports on alloy metal alloy nanoparticle activity and stability; and 3) a quantitative assessment of the effects of metal alloys on cost and sustainability of catalytic treatment of drinking water.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国公司每年花费将近30亿美元购买并制造减少催化剂，以帮助创造燃料，化肥和药物。鉴于这一投资和证明的成功，可能不足以使这些催化剂不用于生产饮用水。相反，当前的饮用水处理方法是昂贵的，并且有可能损害环境。减少催化剂不使用的主要原因是因为它们是由贵金属制成的，其成本也很高，水是低价值产品。这项工作的研究目标是通过用廉价的金属减少催化剂代替贵金属来推进水处理科学，以最低的成本和对环境损害最小的损害，以实现治疗目标。这些催化剂将用于治疗硝酸盐，硝酸盐是世界上主要由农业肥料产生的最常见的地下水污染物。学生研究人员将接受培训，成为该技术的未来领导者，因此他们可以培训其他人设计更有效的水处理厂。拟议工作的主要目标是推进支持金属合金催化的科学，以治疗普遍存在的水污染硝酸盐。特定目标是1）开发新的金属合金纳米颗粒催化剂，其硝酸盐还原活性明显更高； 2）确定具有电子活跃的支持，以增强合金金属纳米颗粒的催化活性和稳定性； 3）使用生命周期评估评估新催化剂的环境影响和成本。为了解决这些目标，将使用一种新型的微波辅助方法合成一套具有晶格取代的半金属纳米纳米颗粒。这些催化剂将在一系列氧化还原活性支持上支持，并使用高级微观/光谱技术进行表征。新的催化剂将在硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原动力学以及氨的选择性的情况下进行评估。结果将与催化剂特性进行比较，并用密度功能理论解释以识别控制机制。长期的催化剂稳定性将在现实的水处理条件下进行评估，并用于进行经济和环境生命周期评估的结果。拟议的工作将导致有关氢化金属对催化的影响的新基本知识； 2）氧化还原活性支持对合金金属合金纳米颗粒活性和稳定性的影响； 3）对金属合金对饮用水的成本和可持续性的影响进行定量评估。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估来获得支持。