COLLABORATIVE PROPOSAL: Legal Questioning of Adolescent Victims

合作提案：对青少年受害者的法律询问

• 批准号: 1921187
• 负责人: Jodi Quas
• 金额: $ 30.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1921187&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; PROPOSAL; Legal; Questioning; Adolescent

In contrast to the expansive and highly influential body of research on children's memory and suggestibility, which has led to clear guidelines about how to elicit accurate testimony from child victims of sexual abuse, little is known about how to question adolescent victims, even though they represent a large proportion of victims who have suffered a range of sexual abuse experiences and are questioned by law enforcement and legal authorities. The lack of guidelines is even more striking for sexually trafficked adolescents, who are often identified as criminal suspects and questioned by police, not trained forensic specialists. How to approach and interview adolescent victims, particularly those who have been trafficked, has never been comprehensively examined. Yet professionals, including interviewers and police, must question these adolescents in a way that elicits clear disclosures from the victims about their experiences in order to intervene, ensure their protection, and prosecute those who commit these heinous crimes. This study will systematically evaluate actual interviews by law enforcement and legal professionals with suspected adolescent victims, including those who have been trafficked. It will determine what types of questioning approaches are used, what approaches are more or less effective at eliciting abuse and trafficking details, and how the questions and victims' responses relate to the outcomes of criminal cases against traffickers. The results of the research will inform scientific models of disclosure patterns in highly vulnerable populations of victims. The results will also impact policy and practice by providing crucial insight into effective questioning approaches with adolescent sexual abuse victims, especially those who have been trafficked, thereby laying the foundation for training protocols on these approaches and long-lasting improvements in practice and policy. This research will specifically involve reviewing and coding 340 interview transcripts of adolescent victims, half trafficking victims and half adolescents who have experienced other forms of sexual abuse. For cases that went to trial, transcripts of the victims' testimony, case details and case outcome data will also be collected and coded. Statistical analyses will focus on the types of questions asked and the tone of the questions (for instance, whether the tone is supportive or interrogation-like), as well as characteristics of the victims' responses, such as whether they disclose abuse, the amount of detail they provide, the content of what they report, and their levels of evasiveness. With this extensive coding system, linkages between the question and response categories will be evaluated to determine what kinds of questions are more versus less effective at eliciting specific types of responses from victims and how the questions and responses, directly and interactively, relate to case outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

与对儿童记忆和暗示性的广泛和高度影响力的研究相反，这已经导致了有关如何从性虐待儿童受害者那里获得准确证词的明确准则，即使如何质疑青少年受害者，即使他们代表了很大一部分受害者，这些受害者代表了遭受性虐待经历的大量受害者，并受到了法律执行和法律执行和法律机构的质疑。缺乏指导方针对性贩运的青少年更加惊人，他们经常被确定为犯罪嫌疑人，并受到警察的讯问，而不是训练有素的法医专家。如何接近和采访青春期受害者，尤其是那些被贩运的受害者，从未经过全面检查。然而，包括访调员和警察在内的专业人士必须以一种从受害者明确披露他们的经历以进行干预，确保保护并起诉那些犯下这些令人发指的犯罪的人的经历的方式，必须向受害者明确披露他们的经历，以质疑这些青少年。这项研究将系统地评估执法部门和法律专业人员的实际访谈，其中包括被贩运的青少年受害者，包括那些被贩运的受害者。它将确定使用了哪些质疑方法，哪些方法或多或少在引起虐待和贩运细节方面有效，以及问题和受害者的回答与针对贩运者的刑事案件的结果如何相关。研究结果将为受害者高度脆弱的人群中的披露模式科学模型提供信息。结果还将通过对青少年性虐待受害者（尤其是那些被贩运的人）提供有效的质疑方法来影响政策和实践，从而为这些方法和实践和政策中的持久改进奠定了基础。这项研究将特别涉及审查和编码340次访谈的访谈记录，对青少年受害者，一半贩运受害者和一半遭受过其他形式的性虐待的青少年。对于审判的案件，也将收集和编码受害者证词的成绩单，案例细节和案例结果数据。统计分析将集中在提出的问题类型和问题的基调上（例如，语气是支持还是像审讯一样），以及受害者回答的特征，例如他们是否披露了滥用的滥用，他们提供的细节，他们报告的内容的内容以及他们报告的内容以及他们的弱化水平。借助这种广泛的编码系统，将评估问题和回答类别之间的联系，以确定哪些类型的问题和较不效率更低，在从受害者那里引起特定类型的回答以及如何直接，互动地与案件成果相关的问题和回答如何与NSF的法定任务相关联，反映了通过评估基金会的范围来反映出的支持，并通过基金会的范围进行了评估和宽广的构成。