RAPID Collaborative Proposal: Characterization of upland watershed contamination from wildland-urban burning

RAPID 合作提案：荒地-城市燃烧造成的高地流域污染特征

• 批准号: 1917140
• 负责人: Edward Kolodziej
• 金额: $ 1.4万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1917140&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Proposal; Characterization; upland

The multi-institutional team will characterize the effects of the Camp fire on watershed water quality. This was the most destructive wildfire in California history, resulting in 15,000 structures burnt. The extensive number of structures and vehicles that burnt has resulted in concerns that the ash can transport toxic metals and organic contaminants into the surrounding waterways. The upland watershed drains directly into Lake Oroville, the largest reservoir in the California State Water Project. This reservoir provides drinking and irrigation water to millions of users. The potential for mobilization is strong because precipitation occurred prior to emergency clean up and erosion mobilized fire debris into downstream creeks and reservoirs. This research will help understand the concentrations and persistence of contaminants in the watershed post-fire. Such information is necessary to identify potential threats to human and ecological health. Broader impacts to society result from an increased understanding of upland fire impacts on water supplies. Such information can lead to better management strategies to protect water quality.The Camp Fire in November 2018 was the most destructive fire in California history, resulting in 15,000 structures and thousands of vehicles being burnt. There is concern that overland flow of ash and debris from burned structures, cars, and other buildings may transport toxic metals such as arsenic, copper, cadmium, mercury, lead, as well as toxic organic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated fire retardants, dioxins and other contaminants into the surrounding waterways. This is particularly important given that the watershed drains directly into Lake Oroville, the largest reservoir in the California State Water Project that provides drinking and irrigation water to millions of users. In addition to the threats to Lake Oroville, Butte Creek hosts the last stable Chinook spring run Salmon population in all of California. The potential for contaminant mobilization following the Camp Fire is strong because precipitation occurred prior to emergency clean up, and erosion mobilized fire debris into downstream creeks and reservoirs. To better characterize these potential threats, a multi-institutional team with complimentary expertise in environmental chemistry and transport will assess the concentrations of these and many other heavy metal and organic pollutants in the Camp Fire watershed for 12 months post-fire. The research team will use this information to evaluate the fate and transport of contaminants from the burn area. Specific research will seek to understand 1) how does burning, ash deposition, and rainfall influence contaminant mobilization within the urban area and in downstream waters, 2) how long will contaminants persist in the watershed post-fire, and 3) what are the acute and chronic threats to human and aquatic health associated with contaminant mobilization into surrounding surface waters. The results of this research will improve our understanding of contaminant fate, persistence, and transport following burning. This information will help urban/rural planners, as well as forest and watershed managers to better identify, mitigate, and reduce threats to water quality resulting from forest fires.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

多机构的团队将表征营地大火对流域水质的影响。这是加利福尼亚历史上最具破坏性的野火，导致15,000个结构燃烧。燃烧的大量结构和车辆导致人们担心灰分可以将有毒金属和有机污染物运送到周围的水道中。高地流域直接流入了加利福尼亚州水项目中最大的水库Oroville湖。该储层为数百万使用者提供饮酒和灌溉水。动员的可能性很强，因为降水发生在紧急清理之前发生，侵蚀将消防碎片动员到下游小溪和水库中。这项研究将有助于理解污染物后污染物的浓度和持久性。这样的信息对于确定对人类和生态健康的潜在威胁是必要的。人们对山地火对水供应的影响的了解增加了对社会的更广泛影响。这样的信息可以导致更好的管理策略来保护水质。2018年11月，CAMP大火是加利福尼亚历史上最具破坏性的火灾，导致15,000架结构和数千辆车辆被烧毁。人们担心燃烧的结构，汽车和其他建筑物的灰烬和碎屑可能会运输有毒金属，例如砷，铜，铜，镉，汞，铅，铅，以及有毒的有机化学物质以及多环芳烃，例如多环芳烃，例如多氯碳酸盐，多氯酸苯基，多聚苯基，溴化的二重复性抗抑制剂和其他dioxants，dioxants and diobirins and diobirins，diominins and dioaminins and dioaminins and dioaminins and contaminins and contaminins and contaminins and dioaminins and dioaminins。鉴于流域直接进入奥罗维尔湖（Oroville），这是加利福尼亚州立水项目中最大的水库，为数百万使用者提供饮酒和灌溉水，这一点尤其重要。除了对Oroville湖的威胁外，Butte Creek还在整个加利福尼亚州举办了最后一个稳定的Chinook Spring Run Run鲑鱼种群。在营地大火之后，污染物动员的潜力很强，因为降水发生在紧急清理之前，侵蚀将消防碎屑动员到下游小溪和水库中。为了更好地描述这些潜在威胁，具有环境化学和运输方面的免费专业知识的多机构团队将评估营地燃烧后12个月的营地火水中这些和许多其他重金属和有机污染物的浓度。研究小组将使用此信息来评估燃烧区域污染物的命运和运输。具体的研究将寻求理解1）燃烧，灰分和降雨会如何影响市区和下游水域内的污染物动员，2）污染物在火后流域中持续多长时间，以及3）3）与污染物的急性和慢性威胁与污染物动员有关的急性和慢性威胁到周围的地表水域。这项研究的结果将改善我们对燃烧后污染物命运，持久性和运输的理解。这些信息将帮助城市/农村规划师，以及森林和流域经理，以更好地识别，减轻森林火灾造成的水质威胁，这奖反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。