Collaborative Research: The Magmatic and Eruptive System of Mount Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

合作研究：南极洲埃里伯斯火山的岩浆和喷发系统

• 批准号: 1916978
• 负责人: Richard Aster
• 金额: $ 24.58万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1916978&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Magmatic; Eruptive; System

Mount Erebus, a volcano on Ross Island, Antarctica has been in a continuous state of open-vent activity for at least 45 years while hosting a long-lived lava lake at its summit. The volcano's proximity to the United States Antarctic Program McMurdo Station, its longstanding experimental infrastructure, and prior studies present opportunities to develop and apply cutting edge imaging methods to understand a persistently active volcanic system. This project will utilize data from a renovated five-station near-summit seismic network of Mt. Erebus plus three additional stations sited on the flanks of the volcano. This wide aperture network, paired with modern instrumentation and techniques to enhance seismic signal, will provide unprecedented imaging into the deep volcanic plumbing system at crustal scale, which will help researchers understand the volcano's complex structure and processes. Additionally, the network provides year-round seismic data to be used in temporal monitoring efforts for eruptive and other activity. All data from this network will be openly available in near real-time. The real-time data along with an existing catalog of archived data will be analyzed using recently developed methods to generalize, recognize, quantify, and catalog eruptive events. The project objectives are to study the response of the magmatic system to such events and use continuously recorded background noise and eruption signals to infer concurrent structural changes. These seismic investigations into the long-term changes of the volcano, tracking broad phenomena such as the subsidence of Ross Island, will also be complemented by GPS recordings of deformation. These activities will help test hypotheses related to the structure of the deeper magmatic system of Erebus and the properties of the material surrounding this system. The project funds two early-career scientists and three graduate students, contributing to the development of the next generation of volcanologists and seismologists.This award results in the establishment of a first-tier monitoring system and catalogues eruptive events using real-time seismic and infrasound data. Synoptic analysis of broadband signals recorded by the updated seismic network will allow monitoring and interpretation of pre and post eruptive response and conduit evolution via measurements of systematic timing changes of short-period (explosion) versus very long-period (conduit) seismogram signatures. These observations will be supplemented by the interpretation of broadband seismic tilt in association with existing UNAVCO-supported GPS data over time scales from hours to years. Longer-period coda correlation back projection will be used to refine upper edifice structural information and teleseismic signals will be analyzed to examine the bulk and discontinuity structure of the underlying crust. The work includes a reanalysis of archived TOMO Erebus broadband, as well as extensive short-period data collected in 2007-2008. This effort will allow new imaging and interpretation of deeper (e.g., crustal to Moho-or-deeper scale) structure than has been previously imaged at Erebus in consort with other constraints, such as emerging magnetotelluric imaging results for Erebus and Ross Island. The researchers will use the year-round continuous stations to time-lapse interrogate prominent and repeatable structural/internal scattering features revealed by both ambient noise and eruption or other signal coda correlations. Joint inversions of H/V ratios for both coda and ambient noise coupled with dispersion curves assembled from the fusion of ambient noise (low frequency) and coda (high frequency) will complement direct imaging of strong near-surface scatterers and will be applied to archived ETB/ETS data sets. Cutting edge reflection matrix techniques will continue to be developed in collaboration with independently funded groups in France to further isolate and define high scattering bodies within the top 10 kilometers of the crust and edifice. This award is cofunded by the Prediction of and Resilience against Extreme Events (PREEVENTS) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南极洲罗斯岛（Ross Island）的一座火山Erebus山一直处于连续的开放式活动状态，至少45年，同时在其山顶上举办了一个长寿的熔岩湖。该火山靠近美国南极计划McMurdo站，其长期实验基础​​设施以及先前的研究提供了开发和采用尖端成像方法的机会，以了解持续活跃的火山系统。该项目将利用来自Erebus山的翻新五站近夜地地震网络以及火山侧面位于位于火山侧面的三个站点的数据。这个宽阔的孔网网络，再加上现代仪器和技术来增强地震信号，将以地壳规模为深层火山管道系统提供前所未有的成像，这将帮助研究人员了解火山的复杂结构和过程。此外，该网络还提供了全年的地震数据，可用于发射和其他活动的时间监测工作。该网络的所有数据将在几乎实时公开可用。实时数据以及现有的存档数据目录将使用最近开发的方法来概括，识别，量化和目录喷发事件。项目目标是研究岩浆系统对此类事件的响应，并使用连续记录的背景噪声和喷发信号来推断并发结构变化。这些对火山的长期变化的地震研究，跟踪广泛的现象，例如罗斯岛的沉降，也将得到GPS变形的记录。这些活动将有助于检验与Erebus更深岩浆系统以及该系统材料的特性有关的假设。该项目为两名早期的科学家和三名研究生提供了资金，这为下一代火山学家和地震学家的发展做出了贡献。该奖项的结果是建立了使用实时的地震和侵权数据建立第一层监测系统的奖项，并为爆发性事件进行了分类。通过更新的地震网络记录的宽带信号的概要分析将通过测量短期（爆炸）的系统时机变化与非常长的（导管）地震图签名来监视和解释喷发前和后的喷发后和导管演变。这些观察结果将通过解释宽带地震倾斜的解释与现有的UNAVCO支持的GPS数据随时间尺度的相关性。长期周期的尾声相关性背投影将用于完善上建筑物的结构信息，并将分析远距离震动信号，以检查基础外壳的块状和不连续性结构。这项工作包括对存档的Tomo Erebus宽带的重新分析，以及2007 - 2008年收集的大量短期数据。这项工作将允许与以前在Erebus成像的更深层次的成像和解释（例如，地壳到Moho-orho-或Deeper量表）结构，并具有其他约束，例如Erebus和Ross Island的新兴磁性磁铁成像结果。研究人员将使用全年的连续站进行延时询问突出且可重复的结构/内部散射特征，这些特征均由环境噪声和喷发或其他信号尾声相关性揭示。尾巴和环境噪声的H/V比的关节反转以及从环境噪声（低频）和尾声（高频）组装而成的色散曲线的联合反转将补充强近表面散射器的直接成像，并将应用于存档的ETB/ETS数据集。最先进的反射矩阵技术将继续与法国的独立资助的群体合作开发，以进一步隔离并定义地壳和大厦前10公里内的高散射体。该奖项是对极端事件（预言）计划的预测和韧性的奖励。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

Deformation at the open-vent Erebus volcano, Antarctica, from more than 20 years of GNSS observations

根据 20 多年 GNSS 观测得出的南极洲埃里伯斯露天火山的形变

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107703
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Grapenthin, Ronni;Kyle, Philip;Aster, Richard C.;Angarita, Mario;Wilson, Terry;Chaput, Julien
• 通讯作者: Chaput, Julien

Remote Triggering of Icequakes at Mt. Erebus, Antarctica by Large Teleseismic Earthquakes

大型远震地震远程触发南极埃里伯斯山冰震

• DOI: 10.1785/0220210027
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Seismological Research Letters
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Li, Chenyu;Peng, Zhigang;Chaput, Julien A.;Walter, Jacob I.;Aster, Richard C.
• 通讯作者: Aster, Richard C.