Collaborative Research: Long-Term Human Responses to Ecological Instability

合作研究：人类对生态不稳定的长期反应

• 批准号: 1916596
• 负责人: Charles Cobb
• 金额: $ 12.19万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1916596&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Long; Term; Human; Collaborative; Research; Long; Term; Human

Given its focus on extended temporal spans of human behavior, archaeology is particularly well suited to examine long-term trends in how communities devise both technological and social adjustments to threats to their stability, and how those strategies may culminate in large-scale population relocations. The research team will adopt the perspective of political ecology to compare and contrast how societies mediate broad transformations in their climatic and ecological surroundings through a process of locally-based decision-making. The project will develop new methods for addressing deep time approaches to the study of environmental change and migration. Further, it will promote educational and training opportunities for Native American students and involve interpretive collaboration with Native American communities.Collaborators from the University of Florida (Dr. Charles Cobb), the University of Mississippi (Dr. Edmond Boudreaux), the University of South Dakota (Dr. Anthony Krus), and the Chickasaw Nation (Dr. Brad Lieb) will embark upon a multi-year archaeological study of the causes underlying an extensive population abandonment of mid-continental North America during the fifteenth century AD. This phenomenon, covering about 50,000 square miles, is popularly known as the "Vacant Quarter." Archaeological research elsewhere has shown that climatic factors commonly play a central role in large-scale regional depopulations, and recent evidence suggests that a series of severe multi-decadal droughts struck eastern North America in the AD 1300s and 1400s. These droughts appear to have been the result of wide swings in precipitation caused by the period of global cooling known as the Little Ice Age. Nevertheless, there is extreme variability in the ways in which societies adapt to environmental as well as social stresses. The project will involve a comparative study of a number of archaeological sites in two sub-regions, central Tennessee and northern Mississippi, in the larger abandoned region. Both areas witnessed an apparent exodus of people about AD 1450. However, prior to that time, they had very different histories of occupation culturally and ecologically. The research team will combine excavations with ceramic sourcing analyses, subsistence studies, and examinations of conflict to address similarities and differences in population movement, foodways, and warfare in the two study areas resulting from deterioration in their ecological and social surroundings, and how these processes ultimately led to contemporaneous mass migrations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

鉴于其专注于扩展人类行为的暂时性跨度，考古学特别适合研究社区如何设计技术和社会调整对威胁其稳定性的长期趋势，以及这些策略如何在大规模的人口重新定位中达到顶峰。研究小组将通过政治生态学的观点来比较和对比社会如何通过基于本地决策的过程在其气候和生态环境中进行广泛的转变。该项目将开发新的方法来解决深度时间研究环境变化和迁移的方法。此外，它将为美洲原住民学生促进教育和培训机会，并涉及与美洲原住民社区的解释性合作。佛罗里达大学（Charles Cobb博士）的企业家（Charles Cobb博士），密西西比大学（Edmond Boudreaux博士），南达科他大学（Anthony Krus博士）以及Brad cachaw Nation（Brad lieb）的杂志（Chickasaw Lieb博士）将涉及Bradie cachaw lieb。在公元15世纪，放弃了北美中部。这种现象覆盖了约50,000平方英里，通常被称为“空置季度”。其他地方的考古研究表明，气候因素通常在大规模的区域减少中起着核心作用，而最近的证据表明，一系列严重的多年多年干旱在公元1300年代和1400年代袭击了北美东部。这些干旱似乎是由于被称为小冰河时代的全球冷却时期造成的降水泛滥的结果。然而，社会适应环境和社会压力的方式存在极大的差异。该项目将涉及对田纳西州中部和密西西比州北部的两个子区域的许多考古遗址进行比较研究。这两个领域都目睹了公元1450年的人的明显外流。但是，在此之前，他们在文化和生态上都有截然不同的职业历史。研究小组将在两个研究领域的生态和社会环境中的变质而导致的两个研究领域中，将发掘与陶瓷采购分析，生存研究以及冲突的检查，以解决人口运动，食品和战争的相似性和差异优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。