Collaborative Research: Arctic Stream Networks as Nutrient Sensors in Permafrost Ecosystems

合作研究：北极溪流网络作为永久冻土生态系统中的营养传感器

基本信息

批准号：
1916567
负责人：
Jay Zarnetske
金额：
$ 47.73万
依托单位：
Michigan State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-10-01 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1916567&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Arctic Stream Networks

项目摘要

Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. It is found approximately one fourth of the northern hemisphere's land surface and contains large stores of carbon and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. As Arctic Alaska warms and permafrost thaws, these nutrients are released, which supports plant growth but also can accelerate the production of greenhouse gases, affecting local habitat and strengthening the permafrost climate feedback. Because snowmelt and rain transport some nutrients from land to water, variations in nutrient concentrations within Arctic stream networks can reveal where permafrost nutrients are released and why some areas release more than others. This research greatly improves understanding of how water flow, plant life, and conditions in the soil and bedrock are affected by wildfire, permafrost degradation, and extreme weather conditions. Such knowledge is crucial to protect Arctic communities and forecast how environmental change in the permafrost region could disrupt climate and weather patterns throughout the U.S. This project also transfers improved understanding of the Arctic system directly to the public by creating a network of researchers, writers, performers, and outreach organizations that 1) visits local communities in the Arctic, 2) creates a children?s book inspired by Arctic systems, 3) brings Arctic systems and climate science directly to about 30,000 high school students, and 4) connects remotely with K-12 classrooms in rural Alaska and the contiguous U.S. via video chats.The project applies a combination of novel and conventional approaches to quantify nutrient dynamics across scales and biomes. 1) High-resolution spatial sampling of stream network chemistry and high-frequency monitoring at watershed outlets quantify lateral carbon and nutrient flux across ecosystem gradients (e.g. Arctic-Boreal and coastal-upland) and scales (0.1 to 1,000 square kilometers). 2) Robust nutrient-limitation assays and tracer injection methods estimate the magnitude of instream removal and release of nutrients in locations that exert a strong influence on watershed-scale nutrient flux. 3) Spatial analysis, statistical modeling, and geochemical tracers link multi-scale nutrient fluxes with ecohydrological characteristics and thus identify drivers of hydrochemical change in the Arctic. The spatial and temporal data collected by the project test a series of long-standing and emerging hypotheses about how active-layer thickness, vegetation community, topography, hydrology, and current and past wildfire and permafrost degradation interactively influence carbon and nutrient flux. More generally, this research generates multi-scale targets for earth system models that incorporate lateral and longitudinal nutrient flux, reducing one of the largest sources of uncertainty in predicting net ecosystem carbon balance of the permafrost region.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

永久冻土是至少连续两年保持冷冻的地面。发现北半球的土地表面大约四分之一，并包含大量的碳和养分，例如氮和磷。随着北极阿拉斯加的温暖和多年冻土融化，这些营养物质被释放出来，这支持植物的生长，但也可以加速温室气体的产生，影响当地栖息地并增强永久冻土气候反馈。由于融雪和雨水将一些营养物质从陆地转移到水，因此北极溪流网络中养分浓度的变化可以揭示释放多年果养分的位置，以及为什么某些地区释放的原因比其他地区更多。这项研究大大提高了对土壤和基岩中水流，植物的生命和状况如何受到野火，多年冻土降解以及极端天气状况的影响。这种知识对于保护北极社区和预测，多年冻土地区的环境变化如何破坏美国的气候和天气模式，该项目还可以通过建立一个研究人员，作家，表演者和外界组织来访问北极社区的北极社区，从而将北极社区访问3个孩子的培训，2）启发出来，2）直接向大约30,000名高中生的气候科学，以及4）通过视频聊天与K-12的教室和连续的美国远程联系。该项目采用了新颖和传统方法的结合，以量化范围和生物群的营养动态。 1）在流域出口处的流网络化学和高频监测的高分辨率空间采样可量化跨生态系统梯度（例如北极 - 北岸和沿海地区）和鳞片（0.1至1,000平方公里）的侧面碳和养分通量。 2）强大的营养限制测定和示踪剂注入方法估计了在对流域规模的养分通量产生强大影响的位置中释放和释放养分的大小。 3）空间分析，统计建模和地球化学示踪剂将多尺度营养通量与生态水文特征联系起来，从而确定北极中水力化学变化的驱动因素。该项目测试收集的空间和时间数据一系列长期和新兴的假设，介绍了活动层厚度，植被群落，地形，水文学以及当前和过去的野火以及永久冻土降解如何交互影响碳和营养通量。更广泛地，该研究为地球系统模型生成了多尺度的目标，这些目标结合了侧面和纵向营养通量，从而减少了预测永久冻土净生态系统碳平衡的最大不确定性来源之一，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估了基金会的范围，并通过评估了基金会的范围，并构成了基金会的范围。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（15）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Advancing river corridor science beyond disciplinary boundaries with an inductive approach to catalyse hypothesis generation

通过归纳方法促进假设生成，推动河流廊道科学超越学科界限

DOI：
10.1002/hyp.14540
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Hydrological Processes
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ward, Adam S.;Packman, Aaron;Bernal, Susana;Brekenfeld, Nicolai;Drummond, Jen;Graham, Emily;Hannah, David M.;Klaar, Megan;Krause, Stefan;Kurz, Marie
通讯作者：
Kurz, Marie

Hydrology Controls Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Export and Post‐Storm Recovery in Two Arctic Headwaters

DOI：
10.1029/2023jg007583
发表时间：
2024-02
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Arial J. Shogren;J. Zarnetske;Benjamin W. Abbott;Amelia L. Grose;Abigail F. Rec;Jansen Nipko;Chao Song;J. O’Donnell;William B. Bowden
通讯作者：
Arial J. Shogren;J. Zarnetske;Benjamin W. Abbott;Amelia L. Grose;Abigail F. Rec;Jansen Nipko;Chao Song;J. O’Donnell;William B. Bowden

Light and hydrologic connectivity drive dissolved oxygen synchrony in stream networks

光和水文连通性驱动河流网络中溶解氧的同步

DOI：
10.1002/lno.12271
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Limnology and Oceanography
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Diamond, Jacob S.;Pinay, Gilles;Bernal, Susana;Cohen, Matthew J.;Lewis, David;Lupon, Anna;Zarnetske, Jay;Moatar, Florentina
通讯作者：
Moatar, Florentina

We Must Stop Fossil Fuel Emissions to Protect Permafrost Ecosystems