Collaborative Research: Lahar dynamics and Monitoring: A multiparametric approach grounded in infrasound

合作研究：拉哈尔动力学和监测：基于次声的多参数方法

• 批准号: 1914526
• 负责人: Gregory Waite
• 金额: $ 29.47万
• 依托单位: Michigan Technological University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1914526&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Lahar; dynamics; Monitoring

Lahars, or volcanic mud flows, produce infrasound (low-frequency acoustic energy) that can be detected from distances of many kilometers. As such, it is possible to remotely characterize these hazardous mud flows by tracking their flow positions and energetics through time. This work seeks to develop infrasound analytical tools to locate where lahars initiate, how far and fast they move, and estimate their mass flow. Toward these goals the project will deploy and maintain seismic and infrasonic instruments at Fuego Volcano (Guatemala), where lahars are common during the rainy season (April through September). Rain gauges and time lapse cameras will be installed at locations along the lahar paths to understand how lahars initiate and to validate flow characteristics through direct observation. Fuego volcano is an ideal candidate for this study because of its frequent lahars and relatively easy access and because information learned will be applicable for mitigating risks. Lessons learned at Fuego may then be applied to dozens of volcanoes in the US and around the world where lahar activity is common. The project aims to train several graduate and undergraduate students from the US and result in scientific publication. Important capacity building in Guatemala will result from the training of Guatemalan scientists and technology transfer to observatory staff. This project will improve our understanding of the seismo-acoustic source mechanisms associated with lahars, and to develop methods that can be used to track such sources and other rapid gravity-driven mass movements. Through multi-parametric observations this study will contribute to our fundamental understanding of how lahars are triggered during precipitation events and where material is incorporated along the lahar flow path. Infra-acoustic arrays and broadband seismic sensors will be deployed at Fuego Volcano (Guatemala) with the intent to remotely monitor the most frequent channels that carry lahars during the rainy season. Signal processing techniques using data from an integrated network of arrays will be used to track and quantify flow energetics. Fuego provides an ideal field site where seismo-acoustic data will be combined with contemporaneous rainfall and geomorphologic (terrain and channel slope) observations. Computer vision techniques will be used to quantify timing, mass flow, and velocities of lahars at various positions along channels. This work merges geomorphology and geophysical approaches to study hazardous lahar phenomena. Broader impacts include development of applied technology for hazard mitigation and training of both US-based and Guatemala-based students and professionals. This award is cofunded by the PredicMon of and Resilience against Extreme Events (PREEVENTS) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

拉哈尔斯或火山泥流量会产生叉径（低频声能），可以从许多公里的距离中检测到。 因此，可以通过跟踪它们的流动位置和能量学的时间来远程表征这些危险的泥浆流。 这项工作旨在开发非传动分析工具，以定位拉哈尔斯开始的位置，移动的距离和速度以及估计其质量流量。朝向这些目标，该项目将在Fuego Volcano（危地马拉）部署并维护地震和室内仪器，在雨季（4月至9月）中，拉哈尔人很普遍。 将在拉哈尔路径的位置安装雨量表和时间流逝摄像机，以了解拉哈尔人如何通过直接观察来启动并验证流动特性。 Fuego火山是这项研究的理想候选人，因为它频繁的拉哈尔人且相对容易进入，并且因为所学的信息将适用于缓解风险。 然后，在Fuego中学到的经验教训可以应用于美国和世界各地的数十座火山，那里的Lahar活动很普遍。 该项目旨在培训来自美国的几名研究生和本科生，并导致科学出版物。危地马拉的重要能力建设将是由危地马拉科学家和技术转移给天文台人员的培训而造成的。该项目将提高我们对与拉哈尔斯相关的地震声源机制的理解，并开发可用于跟踪此类来源和其他快速重力驱动的质量运动的方法。 通过多参数观察，这项研究将有助于我们对在降水事件中如何触发拉哈尔人的基本理解以及沿拉哈尔流动路径纳入物质的地方。 红外声学阵列和宽带地震传感器将部署在Fuego火山（危地马拉），目的是远程监测在雨季中携带Lahars的最常见频道。 使用来自阵列集成网络的数据的信号处理技术将用于跟踪和量化流动能量。 Fuego提供了一个理想的现场站点，其中地震声数据将与同时的降雨和地貌（地形和通道坡度）结合使用。 计算机视觉技术将用于量化沿着频道的各个位置的拉哈尔斯的时机，质量流量和速度。 这项工作融合了地貌学和地球物理方法来研究危险的拉哈尔现象。 更广泛的影响包括开发用于缓解危害的应用技术，并培训以美国和危地马拉为基础的学生和专业人员。该奖项是由针对极端事件（预先提出）计划的Predicmon和弹性的奖励。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。