CAREER: Quantifying the controls of wildfire, climate, and tectonics on the transition between soil-mantled and bedrock hillslopes

职业：量化野火、气候和构造对土壤覆盖和基岩山坡之间过渡的控制

基本信息

批准号：
1848321
负责人：
Roman DiBiase
金额：
$ 200万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-05-01 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1848321&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Quantifying controls wildfire climate

项目摘要

Where erosion strips soil from hillslopes faster than it can be replenished, bedrock hillslopes emerge, leading to steeper topography, sparser vegetation, flashier runoff, and changes to the mechanisms of sediment delivery from hillslopes to channels, amplifying the effects of destructive floods and debris flows. However, existing models developed for soil-mantled landscapes are poorly suited to explain the transition to bedrock hillslopes that emerges due to either short-term (e.g. wildfire) or long-term (e.g., tectonic) drivers of imbalance between soil production and erosion. This project aims to address this knowledge gap by quantifying the transition from soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes that arises due to variations in the controls on the relative rates of soil production and soil erosion in mountain landscapes. Four field studies in granitic landscapes will exploit gradients in bedrock exposure to elucidate the underlying controls on soil production and erosion rates. This project will take advantage of increasingly high-resolution lidar, drone, and ground-based photogrammetry methods to efficiently map the transition from soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes driven by wildfire, rock uplift rate, knickpoint retreat, and climate/vegetation cover. Measurements of in situ cosmogenic 10Be, soil and bedrock chemistry, and soil thickness will constrain soil production rates and establish the how soil production, soil weathering, and erosion rate vary across these gradients. Results from this project will be used to generate data-rich immersive virtual-reality (iVR) experiences compatible with low-cost self-contained iVR headset systems and incorporated into new laboratory exercises developed for an undergraduate geomorphology course. The educational component of this CAREER proposal will focus on assessing the effectiveness of iVR and traditional GIS-based laboratory exercises for engaging students and communicating concepts in hillslope geomorphology and critical zone science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当侵蚀从山坡上剥离土壤的速度超过其补充速度时，基岩山坡就会出现，导致地形更加陡峭、植被稀疏、径流更加剧烈，以及沉积物从山坡输送到河道的机制发生变化，从而放大了破坏性洪水和泥石流的影响。然而，为土壤覆盖景观开发的现有模型不太适合解释由于土壤生产和侵蚀之间的不平衡的短期（例如野火）或长期（例如构造）驱动因素而出现的向基岩山坡的转变。该项目旨在通过量化从土壤覆盖山坡到基岩山坡的转变来解决这一知识差距，这种转变是由于山地景观中土壤生产和土壤侵蚀相对速率控制的变化而产生的。花岗岩景观的四项实地研究将利用基岩暴露的梯度来阐明对土壤生产和侵蚀率的潜在控制。该项目将利用越来越高分辨率的激光雷达、无人机和地面摄影测量方法，有效地绘制野火驱动的从土壤覆盖到基岩山坡的过渡、岩石抬升率、拐点退缩和气候/植被覆盖情况。原位宇宙成因 10Be、土壤和基岩化学以及土壤厚度的测量将限制土壤生产率，并确定土壤产量、土壤风化和侵蚀率在这些梯度上的变化情况。该项目的结果将用于生成数据丰富的沉浸式虚拟现实 (iVR) 体验，与低成本独立 iVR 耳机系统兼容，并纳入为本科地貌学课程开发的新实验室练习中。该职业提案的教育部分将侧重于评估 iVR 和传统的基于 GIS 的实验室练习的有效性，以吸引学生并交流山坡地貌学和关键区域科学的概念。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持：使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。