Genome Evolution in Polar Fishes

极地鱼类的基因组进化

基本信息

批准号：
1906015
负责人：
Joanna Kelley
金额：
$ 82.52万
依托单位：
Washington State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1906015&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Genome Evolution Polar Fishes

项目摘要

Fish that reside in the harsh, subfreezing waters of the Antarctic and Arctic provide fascinating examples of adaptation to extreme environments. Species at both poles have independently evolved ways to deal with constant cold temperature, including the evolution of antifreeze proteins. Under freezing conditions, these compounds attach to ice crystals and prevent their growth. This lowers the tissue freezing point and reduces the chance the animal will be injured or killed. While it might seem that the need for unique adaptations to survive in polar waters would reduce species diversity in these habitats, recent evidence showed higher speciation rates in fishes from polar environments as compared to those found in warmer waters. This is despite the fact cold temperatures slow cellular processes, which had been expected to lower rates of molecular evolution in these species. To determine how rates of speciation and molecular evolution are linked in marine fishes, this project will compare the genomes of multiple polar and non-polar fishes. By doing so, it will (1) clarify how rates of evolution vary in polar environments, (2) identify general trends that shape the adaptive trajectories of polar fishes, and (3) determine how functional differences shape the evolution of novel compounds such as the antifreeze proteins some polar fishes rely upon to survive. In addition to training a new generation of scientists, the project will develop curriculum and outreach activities for elementary and undergraduate science courses. Materials will be delivered in classrooms across the western United States, with a focus on rural schools as part of a network for promoting evolutionary education in rural communities.To better understand the biology of polar fishes and the evolution of antifreeze proteins (AFPs), this research will compare the evolutionary histories of cold-adapted organisms to those of related non-polar species from both a genotypic and phenotypic context. In doing so, this research will test whether evolutionary rates are slowed in polar environments, perhaps due to constraints on cellular processes. It will also evaluate the effects of positive selection and the relaxation of selection on genes and pathways, both of which appear to be key adaptive strategies involved in the adaptation to polar environments. To address specific mechanisms by which extreme adaptation occurs, researchers will determine how global gradients of temperature and dissolved oxygen shape genome variation and influence adaptive trajectories among multiple species of eelpouts (family Zoarcidae). An in-vitro experimental approach will then be used to test functional hypotheses about the role of copy number variation in AFP evolution, and how and why multiple antifreeze protein isoforms have evolved. By comparing the genomes of multiple polar and non-polar fishes, the project will clarify how rates of evolution vary in polar environments, identify general trends that shape the adaptive trajectories of cold-adapted marine fishes, and determine how functional differences shape the evolution of novel proteins. This project addresses the strategic programmatic aim to provide a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of organismal adaptations to their current environment and ways in which polar fishes may respond to changing conditions over different evolutionary time scales. The project is jointly funded by the Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program in the Office of Polar Programs of the Geosciences Directorate, and the Molecular Biophysics Program of the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences in the Biological Sciences Directorate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

居住在南极和北极的苛刻，亚冻结水中的鱼提供了适应极端环境的迷人例子。两极的物种都具有独立发展的方法来处理恒定的冷温，包括抗冻蛋白的演变。在冷冻条件下，这些化合物附着在冰晶上并防止其生长。这会降低组织冰点，并减少动物受伤或杀死的机会。虽然似乎需要独特的适应在极地水中生存会减少这些栖息地的物种多样性，但最近的证据表明，与在温暖的水域相比，极地环境中的鱼类的物种率更高。尽管寒冷温度慢慢的细胞过程，但预计这些物种的分子进化速率降低了。为了确定在海洋鱼类中如何连接物种形成率和分子进化的速率，该项目将比较多个极性和非极性鱼类的基因组。通过这样做，它将（1）澄清进化速率在极地环境中的变化，（2）确定塑造极性鱼类自适应轨迹的一般趋势，以及（3）确定功能差异如何塑造新型化合物的演化，例如抗冻蛋白，有些极性鱼类依赖于生存。除了培训新一代科学家外，该项目还将为小学和本科科学课程开发课程和外展活动。材料将在美国西部的教室中提供，重点是农村学校，作为促进农村社区进化教育的网络的一部分。为了更好地了解极性鱼类的生物学以及抗冻蛋白的生物学（AFPS），这项研究将比较相关非磨性物种的进化历史与基因科的相关生物的进化历史，并将其比较。在此过程中，这项研究将测试在极性环境中进化速率是否放缓，这可能是由于细胞过程的限制所致。它还将评估阳性选择的影响以及选择对基因和途径的放松，这两者似乎都是适应对极性环境的关键自适应策略。为了解决发生极端适应的特定机制，研究人员将确定全球温度和溶解的氧气形状基因组变异的梯度，并影响多种eelpouts（家族zoarcidae）之间的适应性轨迹。然后，一种体外实验方法将用于测试有关拷贝数变化在AFP演化中的作用以及如何以及为什么多种抗冻蛋白同工型进化的功能假设。通过比较多个极性和非极性鱼类的基因组，该项目将阐明进化速率在极地环境中的变化，确定塑造冷适应的海洋鱼类自适应轨迹的一般趋势，并确定功能差异如何影响新蛋白的进化。该项目旨在更好地理解生物适应其当前环境的遗传基础以及极地鱼类对不同进化时间尺度上不断变化的状况的反应方式的遗传基础的战略计划。该项目由地球科学局极地计划办公室的南极生物和生态系统计划共同资助，生物科学局分子和蜂窝生物科学局的分子生物物理学计划计划在生物科学局中。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，反映了通过评估的范围来进行审查的范围。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（20）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Simple rules for concise scientific writing

DOI：
10.1002/lol2.10165
发表时间：
2020-06-13
期刊：
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Hotaling, Scott
通讯作者：
Hotaling, Scott

Rolling stones gather moss: movement and longevity of moss balls on an Alaskan glacier

滚石聚集苔藓：阿拉斯加冰川上苔藓球的运动和寿命

DOI：
10.1007/s00300-020-02675-6
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Polar Biology
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Hotaling, Scott;Bartholomaus, Timothy C.;Gilbert, Sophie L.
通讯作者：
Gilbert, Sophie L.

Stoneflies in the genus Lednia (Plecoptera: Nemouridae): sentinels of climate change impacts on mountain stream biodiversity

DOI：
10.1007/s10531-021-02344-y
发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
Biodiversity and Conservation
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
M. Green;Lusha M. Tronstad;J. J. Giersch-J.;Alisha A. Shah;Candace E. Fallon;E. Blevins;Taylor R. Kai;C. Muhlfeld;D. Finn;S. Hotaling
通讯作者：
M. Green;Lusha M. Tronstad;J. J. Giersch-J.;Alisha A. Shah;Candace E. Fallon;E. Blevins;Taylor R. Kai;C. Muhlfeld;D. Finn;S. Hotaling

Cold tolerance of mountain stoneflies (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the high Rocky Mountains

落基山脉高山石蝇（Plecoptera：Nemouridae）的耐寒性

DOI：
10.1101/2020.06.25.171934
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Western North American naturalist
影响因子：
0.6
作者：
Hotaling, S.;Shah, A.A.;Dillon, M.E.;Giersch, J.J.;Tronstad, L.M.;Finn, DS;Woods, HA;Kelley, JL
通讯作者：
Kelley, JL

Toward a genome sequence for every animal: Where are we now?

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2109019118
发表时间：
2021-12-28
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Hotaling S;Kelley JL;Frandsen PB
通讯作者：
Frandsen PB