Collaborative Research: The Arctic Observing Network - Capturing and Understanding Arctic Change with Renewed Observations at the Davis Strait Gateway

合作研究：北极观测网络 - 通过戴维斯海峡门户的更新观测来捕捉和了解北极变化

• 批准号: 1902595
• 负责人: Craig Lee
• 金额: $ 366.92万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1902595&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; Observing; Network

Oceanic freshwater and heat exchange between the Arctic and North Atlantic provide critical mechanisms through which the Arctic and global climate interact. Arctic freshwater, from riverine input and melting sea ice, flows southward through the Arctic ?Gateways? to the west (Davis Strait) and east (Fram Strait) of Greenland into the regions of the subpolar North Atlantic where the waters that occupy the deep ocean interior are formed. At these sites, strong wintertime storms cool the upper ocean, making these waters dense enough to cause them to sink to depth, effectively communicating this atmospheric forcing into the ocean interior and driving the equator-to-pole transport of heat. Fresh, buoyant Arctic outflow reduces the density of surface waters in these deepwater formation regions, and thus has the potential to slow the sinking and modulate equator-to-pole heat transport. Changes in Arctic outflow also impact broad North Atlantic circulation patterns and circulation off the Labrador coast, with wide-ranging impacts to ecosystems. Conversely, the northward flow of relatively warm Atlantic waters can supply oceanic heat to melt Greenlandic glaciers where they encounter the ocean, thus accelerating the melting of Greenland ice cap. Uncertainty surrounding the role of oceanic heat in accelerating the melt of Greenland?s glaciers is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in numerical predictions of future sea level rise. The critical role of Arctic-subpolar heat and freshwater exchange motivates renewed efforts to maintain sustained, persistent, measurements across Davis Strait, capturing exchange between the Arctic and subpolar North Atlantic (Labrador Sea) at a choke point at the southern end of Baffin Bay.This project will renew the integrated observational program at Davis Strait, delivering data to the community and matching ongoing collections at Bering Strait, Utqiagvik, Alaska, and Fram Strait to extend the time series of concurrent measurements across the major Arctic Gateways. The extended timeseries will document changes in freshwater and heat fluxes, and will be combined with numerical modeling to investigate the processes that control variability in the strait and the potential impacts. The backbone system relies on the tested combination of moorings instrumented with sensors to measure ice thickness and motion, ocean currents, temperature and salinity, and biennial ship-based sampling of chemical and biological properties that have successfully delivered core measurements for the past decade. Bottom pressure sensors augment the system to quantify sea surface height gradients, which will support investigations of the primary forcing mechanisms. Integrated marine ecosystem observing includes biogeochemical and marine mammal passive acoustic measurements augmented with tracking of key fish species, and zooplankton and phytoplankton observations. These observations will launch the Davis Strait/Baffin Bay Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) in Davis Strait, complementing the developing Atlantic DBO that includes transect lines in Fram Strait and Barents Sea, and the existing Pacific DBO in the northern Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极和北大西洋之间的海洋淡水和热交换提供了关键机制，北极和全球气候相互作用。来自河流输入和融化海冰的北极淡水，向南流过北极？网关？在西部（戴维斯海峡）和格陵兰的东部（弗拉姆海峡）进入北大西洋北大西洋地区的地区，在那里形成了占据深海内部的水域。在这些地点，强烈的冬季暴风雨使上海冷却，使这些水的密度足以使它们沉入深度，从而有效地传达了这种大气的迫使海洋内部，并驱动了赤道到极线的热量。新鲜的，浮动的北极流出可降低这些深水形成区域中地表水的密度，因此有可能减慢下沉和调节赤道对极线的热传输。北极流出的变化还影响了北大西洋循环模式和拉布拉多海岸的循环，对生态系统产生了广泛的影响。相反，相对温暖的大西洋水域向北流动，可以在遇到海洋的格陵兰冰川融化海洋热量，从而加速了格陵兰冰盖的融化。海洋热量在加速格陵兰冰川融化中作用的不确定性是未来海平面上升的数值预测中最大的不确定性来源之一。北极 - 极性热量和淡水交换的关键作用激发了维持戴维斯海峡各地持续，持久的测量的努力海峡，UTQIAGVIK，阿拉斯加和Fram海峡，以在主要北极门户上扩展并发测量的时间序列。扩展的时间表将记录淡水和热通量的变化，并将与数值建模相结合，以研究控制海峡变异性和潜在影响的过程。骨干系统依赖于带有传感器的系泊机的测试组合，以测量冰的厚度和运动，洋流，温度和盐度，以及在过去十年中成功提供了核心测量的化学和生物学特性的双年期基于船舶的采样。底压传感器扩大了系统以量化海面高度梯度，这将支持对主要强迫机制的研究。综合海洋生态系统观察包括通过跟踪关键鱼类的追踪以及浮游动物和浮游植物观测的生物地球化学和海洋哺乳动物被动声测量。这些观察结果将在戴维斯海峡发射戴维斯海峡/巴芬湾分布生物学观测站（DBO），并补充了正在进行的大西洋DBO，其中包括弗拉姆海峡和巴伦茨海中的样带线，以及现有的Pacific DBO，以及北部烧毁的Pacific DBO。更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Emerging Technologies and Approaches for In Situ, Autonomous Observing in the Arctic

北极原位自主观测的新兴技术和方法

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2022.127
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Lee, Craig;DeGrandpre, Michael;Guthrie, John;Hill, Victoria;Kwok, Ron;Morison, James;Cox, Christopher;Singh, Hanumant;Stanton, Timothy;Wilkinson, Jeremy
• 通讯作者: Wilkinson, Jeremy

Anthropogenic litter in marine waters and coastlines of Arctic Canada and West Greenland

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146971
• 发表时间: 2021-04-14
• 期刊: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Mallory, Mark L.;Baak, Julia;Provencher, Jennifer F.
• 通讯作者: Provencher, Jennifer F.

Extreme high Greenland Blocking Index leads to the reversal of Davis and Nares Strait net transport toward the Arctic Ocean

格陵兰阻塞指数极高导致戴维斯和纳雷斯海峡净运输转向北冰洋

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl094178
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geophysical research letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Myers, P.G.;de la Guardia, L. C.;Fu, C.;Gilliard, L.C.;Grivault, N.;Hu, X.;Lee, C.M.;Moore, G.W.K.;Pennely, C.;Ribergaard, M.H.
• 通讯作者: Ribergaard, M.H.

Seasonal vessel activity risk to seabirds in waters off Baffin Island, Canada

加拿大巴芬岛附近海域的季节性船只活动对海鸟构成风险

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.07.004
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Ocean & Coastal Management
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Wong, Sarah N.P.;Gjerdrum, Carina;Gilchrist, H. Grant;Mallory, Mark L.
• 通讯作者: Mallory, Mark L.

A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections

北极与亚北极海洋联系回顾：过去的变化、机制和未来预测

• DOI: 10.34133/olar.0013
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research
• 作者: Wang, Qiang;Shu, Qi;Wang, Shizhu;Beszczynska-Moeller, Agnieszka;Danilov, Sergey;Steur, Laura;Haine, Thomas W.;Karcher, Michael;Lee, Craig M.;Myers, Paul G.
• 通讯作者: Myers, Paul G.