Belmont Forum Collaborative Research: Scenarios of freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services in a changing Arctic

贝尔蒙特论坛合作研究：变化中的北极淡水生物多样性和生态系统服务情景

• 批准号: 1853805
• 负责人: Rebecca Shaftel
• 金额: $ 17.88万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Anchorage Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-15 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1853805&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Belmont; Forum; Collaborative; Research; Scenarios

Innovative research on the complex interaction of socio-economic and global environmental trends on biodiversity and ecosystem services is needed to help develop more informative scenarios for addressing environmental and human development challenges. To overcome these challenges coupled natural-human systems approaches and analyses are needed. These provide improved scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services that couple the outputs of direct and indirect drivers such as land use, invasive species, overexploitation, biodiversity, environmental change, and pollution. The resulting models provide a methodological state-of-the art that results in more accurate quantitative assessments, better land use, and more effective ecosystem services. Employing this methodology, this research project, which is an international coalition between US scientists and those from four other nations with Arctic territories, seeks to evaluate freshwater biodiversity and food web dynamics in the circumpolar Arctic region and their value for people, communities, and the region. For this project, each country provides funds to support their own investigators and their part of the research. This project characterizes the current state of biodiversity along latitudinal gradients (north to south) in the Arctic and uses experiments and computer models to develop change scenarios in response to climate warming because Arctic warming can cause various physical environmental changes, such as permafrost thaw, which can result in changes in water quality, water temperature, food webs, and fish distributions. Shifts in food resources that might result could have large impacts on far north human populations (e.g., subsistence activities, commercial and recreational fisheries, etc.). Through field studies, experiments, modeling, and forecasting, this project develops linkages between climate change, freshwater biodiversity, and consequences for ecosystem services in Arctic freshwaters, all of which have potential socio-economic impacts. Although a large body of literature exists on Arctic freshwater fishery economics, interactions between habitat conditions and the socio-economic consequences of human- and climate-induced changes in the productivity of Arctic lakes and rivers are poorly known. This study fills that gap. Broader impacts of the research include international collaboration between scientists in the US and Denmark/Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Canada. They also include identifying shifts in biodiversity to assist countries in recognizing early warning signs of climate change-related ecological impacts in the Arctic; assessing economic implications for changes in Arctic biodiversity, something critical to managing regional resources and/or developing science-based policies and regulations; enabling circumpolar harmonization of sampling methods, data storage, and large-scale analysis to promote future circumpolar assessments of biodiversity change; and improving our knowledge and understanding of Arctic food security for native peoples and others in the region who depend on freshwater fisheries. The project also supports a PI from a gender underrepresented in the sciences at an institution in an EPSCoR state (i.e., Alaska), thereby broadening participation of underrepresented groups.This award supports US researchers participating in a project competitively selected by a coalition of 26 funding agencies from 23 countries through the Belmont Forum call for proposals on "Scenarios of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services". The call was a multilateral initiative designed to support research projects that contribute to the development of scenarios, models, and decision-support tools for understanding and solving critical issues facing our planet. The goal of the competition was to improve and apply participatory scenario methods to enhance research relevance and its acceptance and to address gaps in methods for modelling impact drivers and policy interventions. It was also to develop and communicate levels of uncertainty associated with the models, to improve data accessibility and fill gaps in knowledge. Using this methodology, the funded project will address knowledge gaps on the links between biodiversity and ecosystem services in Arctic lakes and rivers. The approach undertaken includes using physical/chemical climate change models to develop biodiversity change scenarios which incorporate multiple trophic levels and predict consequences of biodiversity scenarios to ecosystem services. Specific research objectives include: (1) evaluation of biodiversity and functional trait patterns in relation to environmental drivers and identify biodiversity hotspots in freshwater ecosystems (lakes and rivers) across latitudinal gradients in the Arctic; (2) insight into how direct and indirect drivers related to climate change impact the biodiversity and trait composition of Arctic aquatic food webs, and ultimately fish production; (3) quantifying uncertainty in biodiversity scenarios for Arctic freshwaters through empirical observations and experimental simulations; and (4) assessing the effects of nutrient enrichment and terrestrial land change on community structural and functional measures across latitudinal gradients in North America and Europe. Other approaches include use of bio-economic models to evaluate socio-economic trade-offs and potential shifts in ecosystem services in Arctic lakes and rivers associated with climate change, nutrient enrichment, and resource exploitation; developing assessment criteria that better quantify the ecological change in Arctic lakes and streams and provide strategies for the early detection of new and/or invasive species and that can feed into the development of biodiversity scenarios; and providing information and research results that better inform resource managers, regulators, and policy makers, as well as people who live in the Arctic and the global community concerned about the ongoing change in Arctic freshwater ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

需要对生物多样性和生态系统服务的社会经济和全球环境趋势的复杂相互作用的创新研究，以帮助开发更有用的方案，以应对环境和人类发展挑战。为了克服这些挑战，需要进行自然人类系统的方法和分析。这些提供了改进的生物多样性和生态系统服务方案，这些方案将直接和间接驱动因素的输出（例如土地使用，入侵物种，过度开发，生物多样性，环境变化和污染）融为一体。最终的模型提供了一种方法上的最先进，可导致更准确的定量评估，更好的土地利用和更有效的生态系统服务。该研究项目采用了这种方法，该项目是美国科学家与来自北极领土的其他四个国家之间的国际联盟，试图评估近北极地区的淡水生物多样性和食品网络动态及其对人，社区和该地区的价值。对于这个项目，每个国家都提供资金来支持自己的调查人员及其研究的一部分。该项目表征了北极沿纬度梯度（北向南）的当前生物多样性状态，并使用实验和计算机模型来发展变化情景，以应对气候变暖，因为北极变暖会导致各种物理环境变化，例如垂体冻结，这会导致水质，水质，水温，水温，食物网络和鱼类的变化。可能导致的食物资源的转变可能会对远北人的人口（例如，生存活动，商业和休闲渔业等）产生重大影响。 通过现场研究，实验，建模和预测，该项目在气候变化，淡水生物多样性以及对北极淡水中的生态系统服务的后果之间建立了联系，所有这些都具有潜在的社会经济影响。尽管在北极淡水渔业经济学上存在大量文献，但栖息地条件与人类和气候引起的北极湖泊和河流生产率变化的社会经济后果之间的相互作用是鲜为人知的。这项研究填补了这一空白。这项研究的更广泛影响包括美国与丹麦/格陵兰，挪威，瑞典和加拿大之间的国际合作。它们还包括确定生物多样性的转变，以帮助各国认识到与气候变化相关的生态影响的预警信号；评估对北极生物多样性变化的经济影响，这对于管理区域资源和/或制定基于科学的政策和法规至关重要；实现采样方法，数据存储和大规模分析的循环统一，以促进对生物多样性变化的未来极度评估；并提高我们对依赖淡水渔业的土著人民和该地区其他人的北极粮食安全的了解和理解。 The project also supports a PI from a gender underrepresented in the sciences at an institution in an EPSCoR state (i.e., Alaska), thereby broadening participation of underrepresented groups.This award supports US researchers participating in a project competitively selected by a coalition of 26 funding agencies from 23 countries through the Belmont Forum call for proposals on "Scenarios of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services".该呼吁是一项多边倡议，旨在支持研究项目，该项目有助于开发场景，模型和决策支持工具，以理解和解决我们地球面临的关键问题。竞争的目的是改善和应用参与式方案方法，以增强研究相关性及其接受度，并解决对影响驱动因素和政策干预措施进行建模方法的差距。这也是要开发和传达与模型相关的不确定性水平，以提高数据可访问性并填补知识的空白。使用这种方法，资助的项目将解决有关北极湖泊和河流生物多样性与生态系统服务之间联系的知识差距。采用的方法包括使用物理/化学气候变化模型来开发生物多样性变化情景，这些情况结合了多种营养水平并预测生物多样性情景对生态系统服务的后果。具体的研究目标包括：（1）评估与环境驱动因素有关的生物多样性和功能性状模式，并识别北极纬度梯度遍布淡水生态系统（湖泊和河流）中的生物多样性热点； （2）深入了解与气候变化有关的直接和间接驱动因素如何影响北极水生食物网的生物多样性和特征组成，并最终导致鱼类生产； （3）通过经验观察和实验模拟来量化北极淡水的生物多样性场景中的不确定性； （4）评估养分富集和土地变化对北美和欧洲纬度梯度的社区结构和功能措施的影响。其他方法包括使用生物经济模型来评估社会经济权衡以及与气候变化，养分富集和资源开发相关的北极湖泊和河流中生态系统服务的潜在转变；制定评估标准，以更好地量化北极湖泊和溪流的生态变化，并为早期发现新物种和/或入侵物种提供策略，并可以带入生物多样性情景的发展；并提供信息和研究结果，以更好地为资源经理，监管机构和政策制定者以及居住在北极和全球社区中的人们提供有关北极淡水生态系统正在进行的变化的人们。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过基金会的知识分子优点和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得的支持。

项目成果

Catchment properties as predictors of greenhouse gas concentrations across a gradient of boreal lakes

• DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.880619
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 作者: N. Valiente;A. Eiler;Lina Allesson;T. Andersen;F. Clayer;C. Crapart;P. Dörsch;L. Fontaine;Jan Heuschele;R. Vogt;Jing Wei;H. D. de Wit;D. Hessen