Fear and the Safety Net: Evidence from Secure Communities

恐惧与安全网：来自安全社区的证据

• 批准号: 1849427
• 负责人: Crystal Yang
• 金额: $ 22.5万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1849427&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fear; Safety; Net; Evidence; Secure

Poorer households in the U.S. are more likely to be eligible for means-tested federal welfare programming. Prior research has shown that many safety net programs have important positive effects on the health and well-being of those who receive them. Yet, take-up of such programs among the eligible population is incomplete and tends to be dampened by a variety of factors such as stigma, hassle costs, and lack of information. However, particularly among poor, program-eligible Hispanic households, the federal government also plays a major role in their lives through immigration enforcement. Indeed, numerous media accounts have reported that increased vigilance for non-citizens has led individuals who are eligible for enrollment in such programs (e.g. U.S.-born and naturalized citizens) to not sign up or to drop out of government programs. Such behaviors, purportedly driven by fear of "outing a relative," are highly policy relevant and could have important effects for Hispanic and non-Hispanic households alike. Understanding whether the dual role of federal authority as both enforcer and benefactor influences the take-up of decisions of vulnerable households is critical to developing policies that fulfill the government's mandates. The research will examine the staggered roll-out of a relatively novel and far-reaching immigration enforcement program, Secure Communities, which led to a massive increase in detainers and deportations for both violent and non-violent immigrant offenders. Secure Communities provides ideal quasi-experimental variation since the Hispanic community was overwhelmingly affected and the timing of the rollout was based on technical factors, lending itself to a triple difference-in-differences empirical methodology. This approach allows the researchers to compare program take-up for Hispanic households within a given location to take-up for non-Hispanic whites and blacks, net of counties that had not yet activated, versus after Secure Communities activation. To assess whether any isolated effects on the take-up of programs by Hispanic Americans are mediated by fear of revealing non-citizens in their networks, the researchers have assembled data on the spatial distribution of mixed-status families, survey data on deportation fear, and Google Trends data on searches for deportation-related terms. Lastly, the researchers assess whether the effects of enforcement on take-up are buffeted in areas that have declared sanctuary status.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在美国，较贫穷的家庭更有可能有资格获得经济经济的联邦福利计划。先前的研究表明，许多安全网计划对接受这些安全的人的健康和福祉具有重要的积极影响。然而，在合格人口中掌握此类计划是不完整的，并且往往会因诸如污名，麻烦成本和缺乏信息等多种因素而抑制。但是，尤其是在贫穷，符合计划资格的西班牙裔家庭中，联邦政府也通过移民执法在生活中发挥了重要作用。实际上，许多媒体报道称，对非公民的警惕性增加导致有资格参加此类计划（例如美国出生的公民和归化公民）的个人不注册或退出政府计划。这种行为据称是由于担心“郊外”的恐惧，这是高度与政策相关的，并且可能对西班牙裔和非西班牙裔家庭产生重要影响。 了解联邦权威作为执行者和恩人的双重作用是否会影响脆弱家庭的决定，这对于制定履行政府授权的政策至关重要。该研究将研究一个相对新颖且深远的移民执法计划，安全社区的交错，这导致了暴力和非暴力移民罪犯的拘留者和驱逐出境大大增加。安全社区提供了理想的准实验性变化，因为西班牙裔社区受到了极大的影响，并且推出的时间基于技术因素，并将其自身借给了三差异差异的经验方法。这种方法使研究人员可以比较给定地点内西班牙裔家庭的计划吸收，以吸收非西班牙裔白人和黑人，这是尚未激活的县的网络，而在安全社区激活之后。 为了评估西班牙裔美国人对计划采取计划的任何孤立影响是否是由于担心在其网络中揭示非西特群岛的恐惧，研究人员汇集了有关混合STATUS家族的空间分布的数据，有关驱逐出境恐惧的调查数据以及Google趋势的数据趋势数据，以搜索与驱逐出境相关的期限。最后，研究人员评估了执法对采用的影响是否在宣布为庇护身份的领域中被抛弃。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估来支持。