Perception of 3D shape and material properties from patterns of image shading

从图像着色模式感知 3D 形状和材料属性

• 批准号: 1849418
• 负责人: James Todd
• 金额: $ 60.57万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1849418&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Perception; 3D; shape; material; properties

One of the most difficult problems in the study of human perception involves the ability of observers to correctly interpret patterns of image shading. The light that reflects from a visible surface toward the point of observation is influenced by several factors. These include the surface shape, the pattern of illumination, and the nature of the surface material. The problem for perceptual theory is to explain how it is possible to tease apart these separate influences in order to make reliable judgments about each one. This project is designed to investigate how this is achieved by human observers. There are many potential benefits of this research. The accurate perception of shape and material properties are important for many basic human functions, such as grasping objects or judging whether visible surfaces are appropriate to afford safe locomotion. A better understanding of these processes may help to facilitate training to avoid injury due to falling. It could also lead to improved 3D visualization in medical devices, or aids for visually impaired individuals that can detect slippery spots or irregular terrain features in the path of locomotion. The first specific aim of this proposal is to measure how the perception of 3D shape is influenced by changes in surface material (e.g., glass, wax or plastic) or the pattern of illumination. This will be achieved by measuring local 3D orientation at numerous probe points on an object, from which it possible to compute a best fitting surface that is most consistent with an observer's judgments. The second specific aim is to measure how the perceptual categorization of surface materials is influenced by changes in 3D shape and the pattern of illumination. This will be achieved using a novel categorization task in which observers are shown a shaded object, and are required to adjust a set of sliders to indicate their confidence that the depicted material is one of several possible material categories. The stimuli for these experiments will be created using state-of-the-art computer graphics to produce physically accurate simulations of real materials. The results of this research will greatly improve our current understanding of the specific computational mechanisms by which patterns of image shading provide information for perceiving the 3D shapes of objects and the identification of their material properties.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类感知研究中最困难的问题之一是观察者正确解释图像阴影模式的能力。从可见的表面向观察点反映的光受到多种因素的影响。这些包括表面形状，照明模式和表面材料的性质。感知理论的问题是解释如何取笑这些不同的影响，以便对每个影响做出可靠的判断。该项目旨在调查人类观察者如何实现这一目标。这项研究有许多潜在的好处。对形状和材料特性的准确感知对于许多基本的人类功能很重要，例如抓住对象或判断可见的表面是否适合提供安全的运动。更好地了解这些过程可能有助于促进训练，以避免由于下降而受伤。它还可能导致医疗设备中的3D可视化改进，或者针对视觉障碍的个体的艾滋病，这些人可以在运动路径中检测到湿润的斑点或不规则的地形特征。该建议的第一个具体目的是测量3D形状的感知如何受表面材料（例如玻璃，蜡或塑料）或照明模式的变化的影响。这将通过测量物体上许多探针点的局部3D方向来实现，从中可以计算出与观察者的判断最一致的最佳拟合表面。第二个具体目的是衡量表面材料的感知分类如何受到3D形状和照明模式的变化的影响。这将是使用新颖的分类任务来实现的，在该任务中，观察者被显示为阴影对象，并需要调整一组滑块以表明他们相信所描绘的材料是几种可能的材料类别之一。这些实验的刺激将使用最先进的计算机图形来创建，以制作对真实材料的物理准确模拟。这项研究的结果将大大提高我们对特定计算机制的当前理解，图像阴影的模式为感知对象的3D形状提供了信息，并识别了其物质属性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的智力优点和广泛的影响来评估CRITERIA CRITERIA CRITERIA。

项目成果

The Effects of Bilateral Symmetry, Viewing Distance, and Scene Context on Apparent 3D Shape

双边对称性、观看距离和场景上下文对表观 3D 形状的影响

• DOI: 10.1167/19.10.197c
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Vision
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Yu, Ying;Todd, James T;Petrov, Alexander A
• 通讯作者: Petrov, Alexander A

Reflections on glass

• DOI: 10.1167/19.4.26
• 发表时间: 2019-04-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF VISION
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Todd, James T.;Norman, J. Farley
• 通讯作者: Norman, J. Farley

Effects of the Spatial Spectrum on the Perception of Reflective and Refractive Materials

空间光谱对反射和折射材料感知的影响

• DOI: 10.1167/19.10.243a
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Vision
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Phillips, Flip;Norman, J Farley;Todd, James T
• 通讯作者: Todd, James T

Effects of illumination on the categorization of shiny materials

• DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.5.2
• 发表时间: 2020-05-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF VISION
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Norman, J. Farley;Todd, James T.;Phillips, Flip
• 通讯作者: Phillips, Flip

Perceiving transparency from opaque surface materials

从不透明表面材料感知透明度

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007735117
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Todd, James