AON: Continuation of long-term observations of the Beaufort Gyre environmental changes in 2019-2020 to enhance understanding of the Arctic's impact on climate variability

AON：继续对2019-2020年波弗特环流环境变化进行长期观测，以加强对北极对气候变化影响的了解

• 批准号: 1845877
• 负责人: Isabela Le Bras
• 金额: $ 192.72万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1845877&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: AON; Continuation; long; term; observations

The Beaufort Gyre (BG) is a unique circulation component within the Arctic Ocean's physical environmental system reflecting a set of specific atmospheric, sea-ice, oceanic and bio-geo-ecological conditions that have significant interrelationships with the Arctic-wide and global climate system. One of the most striking Arctic observations in the 21st century has been a reduction in both sea-ice extent and thickness, and an increase of freshwater content in the BG region. At present, there are insufficient observations or theories to reach a consensus among the different opinions about these changes and their impact on climate. The BG summer freshwater content has increased by 6,600 km3 since 2003. Not only does this have important consequences for Arctic sea-ice, ocean thermodynamics, and ecosystems, but a possible fresh water release from the Arctic of this magnitude is enough to cause a salinity anomaly in the North Atlantic with a magnitude comparable to the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1970s, which could influence global climate by reducing the ocean meridional overturning circulation and result in cooling. Thus, the BG system is a potential source to force significant climate changes, likely at decadal time scales. Data returned from this project and distributed freely via the project website and archived with the NSF Arctic Data Center will continue to advance our understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological drivers of environmental change in the Arctic, their relationship to the climate system, and linkages to global processes. Long-term time series of project data will facilitate numerical model initialization and validation and stimulate general interest in Arctic science issues. The knowledge gained under this project will continue to be vital to a wide variety of Arctic processes and climate studies, to operational forecasting and other Arctic research programs, and will spur further valuable investigations of the Arctic Ocean. This project will continue to expand international cooperation and promote widespread access to Arctic for both researchers and the general public. Educational activities will include training of graduate students providing them the opportunity to participate in BG cruises and advising them in BG data analysis. The project data will continue to be used by the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) project and Arctic community to validate and improve Arctic regional and global models, test hypotheses, and answer scientific questions.The Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) will be continued throughout 2019-2020 to observe a set of environmental parameters using bottom-anchored moorings and shipboard measurements to continue the long-term time-series at standard locations. Ship-based synoptic sampling covering the entire BG will continue to be performed each summer in collaboration with Canadian scientists to observe reversal of the climatic circulation regime that has been persistent in one sense over the observation period. Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, barium, CFCs and carbon tetrachloride, alkalinity, total CO2, dissolved inorganic carbon, tritium/3-He and delta-O-18 will continue to be measured and analyzed along sections at 140W, 150W, ~75N and ~78N using a shipboard CTD/rosette. Between CTD/rosette casts, expendable CTDs that profile to 1100m depth will continue to be used to increase spatial resolution of the temperature and salinity fields. Three BGOS moorings redeployed in 2018 will acquire precise data on the variations of the vertical distribution of seawater properties, bottom pressures, and sea ice draft at the same scientifically important sites within the BG system and will be retrieved in 2020.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

波弗特环流（BG）是北冰洋物理环境系统中独特的环流组成部分，反映了一系列特定的大气、海冰、海洋和生物地质生态条件，这些条件与整个北极和全球气候系统具有显着的相互关系。 21 世纪最引人注目的北极观测之一是 BG 地区海冰范围和厚度的减少以及淡水含量的增加。目前，还没有足够的观测或理论来就这些变化及其对气候的影响达成共识。自 2003 年以来，BG 夏季淡水含量增加了 6,600 立方公里。这不仅对北极海冰、海洋热力学和生态系统产生重要影响，而且北极可能释放出如此大量的淡水，足以导致盐度升高。北大西洋的异常程度与20世纪70年代的大盐度异常相当，这可能会通过减少海洋经向翻转环流并导致变冷来影响全球气候。因此，BG 系统是造成重大气候变化的潜在来源，很可能在十年时间尺度上。从该项目返回并通过项目网站免费分发并由 NSF 北极数据中心存档的数据将继续增进我们对北极环境变化的物理、化学和生物驱动因素及其与气候系统的关系的理解，以及与全球进程的联系。项目数据的长期时间序列将有助于数值模型的初始化和验证，并激发人们对北极科学问题的普遍兴趣。在该项目中获得的知识将继续对各种北极过程和气候研究、业务预测和其他北极研究项目至关重要，并将促进对北冰洋的进一步有价值的调查。该项目将继续扩大国际合作，促进研究人员和公众广泛接触北极。教育活动将包括培训研究生，为他们提供参加 BG 巡航的机会，并为他们提供 BG 数据分析方面的建议。该项目数据将继续被北极建模和观测综合论坛（FAMOS）项目和北极社区使用，以验证和改进北极区域和全球模型、测试假设并回答科学问题。波弗特环流观测系统（BGOS）将在 2019-2020 年继续进行，利用底部锚泊和船上测量来观察一组环境参数，以继续在标准地点进行长期时间序列。每年夏天，将继续与加拿大科学家合作，进行覆盖整个 BG 的船基天气采样，以观察在观测期间某种意义上一直持续存在的气候环流状况的逆转。温度、盐度、氧气、营养物、钡、CFC 和四氯化碳、碱度、总 CO2、溶解无机碳、氚/3-He 和 δ-O-18 将继续沿 140W、150W 的剖面进行测量和分析，~使用船载 CTD/玫瑰花结时为 75N 和 ~78N。在 CTD/玫瑰花结模型之间，深度可达 1100m 的一次性 CTD 将继续用于提高温度和盐度场的空间分辨率。 2018 年重新部署的三个 BGOS 系泊装置将在 BG 系统内相同的具有科学重要性的地点获取有关海水性质垂直分布、底部压力和海冰吃水变化的精确数据，并将于 2020 年取回。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Climate-Relevant Ocean Transport Measurements in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

大西洋和北冰洋与气候相关的海洋运输测量

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-04
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Berx, Barbara;Volkov, Denis;Baehr, Johanna;Baringer, Molly;Brandt, Peter;Burmeister, Kristin;Cunningham, Stuart;de Jong, Marieke;de Steur, Laura;Dong, Shenfu
• 通讯作者: Dong, Shenfu

Inorganic Carbon and p CO 2 Variability During Ice Formation in the Beaufort Gyre of the Canada Basin

加拿大盆地波弗特环流冰形成过程中无机碳和 p CO 2 的变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jc015109
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: DeGrandpre, Michael D.;Lai, Chun‐Ze;Timmermans, Mary‐Louise;Krishfield, Richard A.;Proshutinsky, Andrey;Torres, Daniel
• 通讯作者: Torres, Daniel

Time scales of the Greenland Freshwater Anomaly in the Subpolar North Atlantic

北大西洋副极地格陵兰淡水异常的时间尺度

• DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-20-0610.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Climate
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Dukhovskoy, D.S.;Yashayaev, I.;Chassignet, E.P.;Myers, P.G.;Platov, G.;Proshutinsky, A.
• 通讯作者: Proshutinsky, A.

The Arctic

北极

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-22-0082.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Thoman, Richard L.;Druckenmiller, Matthew L.;Moon, Twila A.;Andreassen, L. M.;Baker, E.;Ballinger, Thomas J.;Berner, Logan T.;Bernhard, Germar H.;Bhatt, Uma S.;Bjerke, Jarle W.
• 通讯作者: Bjerke, Jarle W.

Declining O 2 in the Canada Basin Halocline Consistent With Physical and Biogeochemical Effects of Pacific Summer Water Warming

加拿大盆地盐跃层 O 2 下降与太平洋夏季海水变暖的物理和生物地球化学效应一致

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc019418
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Arroyo, Ashley;Timmermans, Mary‐Louise;Le Bras, Isabela;Williams, William;Zimmermann, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Zimmermann, Sarah