Collaborative Research: Community Planning for Scalable Cyberinfrastructure to Support Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

合作研究：支持多信使天体物理学的可扩展网络基础设施的社区规划

• 批准号: 1841591
• 负责人: Peter Couvares
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841591&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Community; Planning; Scalable

Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (MMA) is an exciting new field of science that combines traditional astronomy with the brand new ability to measure phenomena such as gravitational waves and high-energy neutrino particles that originate from celestial objects. MMA was galvanized when the collision of two neutron stars (labeled GW/GRB 170817A) was detected last year by multiple large science instruments including the NSF-funded Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), its sister gravitational wave observatory VIRGO in Italy, NASA's Fermi gamma-ray telescope in space, and many other optical and radio telescopes world-wide. These multiple measurements of just one event improved our estimate of the speed of gravity to phenomenal precision, confirmed that neutron star mergers are the origin of the heavier atomic elements, and gave us a measurement of the radii of neutron stars to about one kilometer accuracy. Over the next decade, LIGO will identify dozens of such events per year. In parallel, the NSF-supported IceCube neutrino observatory at the U.S. South Pole Station and other neutrino and cosmic ray observatories are detecting high-energy cosmic rays from distant cosmological sources; and the new NSF-led Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and upcoming radio astronomy facilities will come online to survey the skies with unprecedented speed and depth throughout the Universe. While each kind of astronomical observing system will bring fascinating new discoveries, it is in their combination - through MMA - that transformative new insights into some of the most fundamental questions about the Universe can be realized: What is the nature of the highest-energy cosmic particle accelerators? What are the properties of cold and hot bulk matter at supra-nuclear densities? How do black holes form and evolve, across their full range of masses, and throughout cosmic time? The promise of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics can be realized only if sufficient cyberinfrastructure is available to rapidly handle, combine, and analyze the very large-scale distributed data from all the types of astronomical measurements. This project seeks to carry out community planning for scalable cyberinfrastructure to support MMA. The primary goal is to identify the key questions and cyberinfrastructure projects required by the community to take full advantage of the substantial investments in current facilities, and to realize the enormous potential of the multiple imminent next-generation projects over the decade to come. Two products of the project will be: 1) a community white paper that presents an in-depth analysis of the cyberinfrastructure needs and the opportunities for collaborations among astronomers, computer scientists, and data scientists; and 2) a strategic plan for a scalable cyberinfrastructure institute for multi-messenger astrophysics laying out its proposed mission, identifying the highest priority areas for cyberinfrastructure research and development for the US-based multi-messenger astrophysics community, and presenting a strategy for managing and evolving a set of services that benefits and engages the entire community. This project advances the objectives of the National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI) and the objectives of "Harnessing the Data Revolution" and "Windows on the Universe, two of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments. This project is supported by the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure in the Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering and the Division of Astronomical Sciences and the Division of Physics in the Directorate of Mathematical & Physical Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

多理智的天体物理学（MMA）是一个令人兴奋的新科学领域，将传统天文学与全新的现象结合了诸如引力波和源自天体物体的高能中微子颗粒之类的现象。 MMA was galvanized when the collision of two neutron stars (labeled GW/GRB 170817A) was detected last year by multiple large science instruments including the NSF-funded Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), its sister gravitational wave observatory VIRGO in Italy, NASA's Fermi gamma-ray telescope in space, and many other optical and radio telescopes全球。这些事件的这些多个测量结果改善了我们对重力速度对惊人精确度的估计，证实了中子星星合并是较重的原子元素的起源，并使我们对中子星形恒星的半径进行了测量，达到了约1公里的精度。在接下来的十年中，Ligo每年将确定数十个此类事件。同时，美国南极站和其他中微子和宇宙射线观测站的NSF支持的Icecube中微子天文台正在检测远处宇宙学源的高能宇宙射线。由NSF领导的新型大型概要调查望远镜和即将到来的射电天文学设施将在整个宇宙中以前所未有的速度和深度进行在线调查。尽管每种天文观测系统都会带来引人入胜的新发现，但可以通过MMA结合使用，可以实现对宇宙中一些最根本的问题的变革性新见解：最高能量的宇宙粒子加速器的本质是什么？上核密度对冷和热散装的特性是什么？黑洞如何在整个群众范围内以及整个宇宙时间形成和发展？只有在有足够的网络基础设施可以从所有类型的天文学测量中迅速处理，组合和分析非常大规模的分布数据时，才能实现多通间天体物理学的承诺。该项目旨在实施社区计划，以提供可扩展的网络基础设施以支持MMA。主要目标是确定社区所需的关键问题和网络基础设施项目，以充分利用当前设施的大量投资，并在未来十年内实现多个即将到来的下一代项目的巨大潜力。该项目的两种产品将是：1）对网络基础设施需求进行深入分析的社区白皮书以及天文学家，计算机科学家和数据科学家之间合作的机会； 2）针对多通电工天体物理学的可扩展网络基础设施研究所制定其提议的任务的战略计划，确定了为基于美国的多门机天体物理学社区的Cyber​​infrastructure研究和开发的最高优先级领域，并为管理和培养一组使整个社区的服务策略提供了一项策略。该项目推动了国家战略计算计划（NSCI）的目标，以及“利用数据革命”和“宇宙上的窗口的目标，这是对未来NSF投资的10个重要想法中的两个。奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准评估值得支持。