EAGER SitS: Emergent Properties during Soil Formation

EAGER SitS：土壤形成过程中的新兴特性

基本信息

批准号：
1841568
负责人：
Susan Brantley
金额：
$ 30万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-15 至 2021-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841568&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAGER SitS Emergent Properties during

项目摘要

Soils sustain humankind. These earth materials form as water, air, and dead and living organisms interact with rock material at Earth's surface. Soils form over thousands to millions of years and yet soil can be lost to erosion over human time frames. In this proposed work, innovative sensors and techniques will be used to measure and understand how iron and oxygen are catalyzed by bacteria to interact in soils, affecting the pathways where water flows in the subsurface. The work will focus on soil formation at an NSF-funded observatory in Pennsylvania - a Critical Zone Observatory - where a large effort is ongoing to understand such processes. New scientific knowledge will be developed about how micro-organisms change the chemistry of rock and break it open as it turns into soil, and how this relates to subsurface water flow. At the same time, the new techniques will provide new knowledge of societal relevance about how soil forms, and will also be shown to many other faculty members, students, and colleagues that visit the observatory, as well as members of the public through interactions with a local museum. In addition, the observatory is the site of an annual NSF-funded Geophysics field course where the two techniques to be deployed will be taught to an annual cohort of undergraduate students drawn from under-represented groups and community colleges. With high-risk experiments using novel deployments, biogeochemical reactions will be explored with respect to how they relate to zones of lateral water flow. Two techniques will be investigated over month- to year-long deployments: the first will measure microbial activity (chronoamperometry) and the second will measure the effects of water-induced changes in volume of rock materials (time-lapse seismic monitoring). Both techniques are still in their infancy because they depend on new sensor technologies and state-of-the-art interpretations. The deployment of these techniques together in a location where many other measurements have already been made will guarantee the highest likelihood of success.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

土壤维持人类。这些地球材料形成，随着水，空气和死亡和生物的生物形成，与地球表面的岩石材料相互作用。土壤形成了数千到数百万年的土壤，但土壤可能因人类时间范围而遭受侵蚀。在这项拟议的工作中，将使用创新的传感器和技术来测量和了解细菌如何催化铁和氧在土壤中相互作用，从而影响地下水中水流的途径。这项工作将集中于宾夕法尼亚州NSF资助的天文台的土壤形成 - 一个关键区域天文台 - 正在努力了解此类过程。关于微生物如何改变岩石的化学反应并将其变成土壤时，将开发出新的科学知识，以及与地下水流之间的关系。同时，新技术将提供有关土壤形成方式的社会相关性的新知识，并将通过与当地博物馆的互动来向访问天文台的许多其他教职员工，学生和同事以及公众展示。此外，天文台是年度NSF资助的地球物理野外课程的地点，在该课程中，将教授将要部署的两种技术将被教授为一年一度的来自代表性不足的团体和社区学院的本科生。通过使用新型部署的高风险实验，将探讨生物地球化学反应与它们与横向水流区域的关系。将在一个月到一年的部署中研究两种技术：第一种技术将测量微生物活性（计时度计量学），第二种将测量水诱导的岩石材料体积变化（延时地震监测）的影响。两种技术仍处于起步阶段，因为它们依赖于新的传感器技术和最新的解释。这些技术在已经进行了许多其他测量的地方一起部署将保证成功的最高可能性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。