RAPID: Increasing Capacity for Data Collection during the 2018 East Rift Eruption, Hawaii Island

RAPID：提高 2018 年夏威夷岛东裂谷喷发期间的数据收集能力

• 批准号: 1839095
• 负责人: Ryan Perroy
• 金额: $ 5.16万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii at Hilo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1839095&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Increasing; Capacity; Data; Collection

Volcanic eruptions pose major threats to communities living nearby and can also impact aviation transportation and other critical networks. This RAPID award will support the enhancement of infrastructure available to capture spatial data for monitoring the ongoing volcanic activity within the Kilauea Volcano East Rift Zone. It will support acquisition of equipment to continue collection of high resolution thermal and visible imagery and derived three-dimensional datasets from small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) platforms, as well as to expand the temporal and spatial coverage of ongoing efforts. The ability to collect and process sUAS-derived imagery to quickly provide updated measures of lava flow fronts, hazardous gas concentrations, and eruption activity for first responders and emergency operations center managers has improved our ability to protect and inform the affected population in Hawai'i. Lessons learned during this disaster response will also have application for other similarly affected communities in the future. Beyond the immediate societal benefits this requested equipment will provide, broader impacts will result from what we can learn from these rapidly acquired datasets as they are applied towards developing improved eruption prediction and modeling capability in the future, and the invaluable experiences participating students are acquiring as a result of participating in the data collection campaigns.The current 2018 Kilauea eruption, which has included the opening of volatile vents within the Leilani Estates subdivision and a transition from 'a'a to pahoehoe lava flows, provides a unique opportunity to document the evolution of these vents over time and measure eruption rates and flow rheology characteristics and evolution. The accessibility of these erupting fissures allows for repeated and consistent measurements from sUAS platforms and field collection campaigns, and together these datasets can greatly advance our understanding of East Rift Zone volcanology. The high resolution sUAS-derived spatial time-series datasets being generated by this group will be the first to capture all phases of the eruption process during a significant episode in Kilauea's eruption history. It is expected that these data will help volcano scientists understand and predict Kilauea's ongoing and future eruptions. Specific objectives include (1) capturing the evolution of fissures, from precursor cracks to mature vents, (2) accurately measuring the eruption rate, a unique opportunity as the entire flow volume is presently contained within the ~25 km2 (at present) study area, (3) capturing the topographic and thermal evolution of the lava flow. The methods to be used to achieve these objectives include repeat mapping with thermal and visible sensors via sUAS platforms, establishing ground control through differential GPS occupations, and remote sensing post-processing and spatial data analysis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山喷发对住在附近的社区构成了重大威胁，还可能影响航空运输和其他关键网络。 这项快速奖励将支持可用于捕获空间数据的基础设施的增强，以监视基拉韦阿火山东裂谷地区正在进行的火山活动。它将支持获取设备，以继续收集高分辨率的热图像和可见图像，并从小型无人空中系统（SUAS）平台中得出三维数据集，并扩大了持续工作的时间和空间覆盖。收集和处理SUAS衍生的图像快速提供熔岩流前线，危险气体浓度以及急救人员和紧急操作中心经理的喷发活动的能力提高了我们保护和告知夏威夷受影响人群的能力。在这种灾难响应中汲取的教训还将在将来对其他类似受影响的社区提出申请。 Beyond the immediate societal benefits this requested equipment will provide, broader impacts will result from what we can learn from these rapidly acquired datasets as they are applied towards developing improved eruption prediction and modeling capability in the future, and the invaluable experiences participating students are acquiring as a result of participating in the data collection campaigns.The current 2018 Kilauea eruption, which has included the opening of volatile vents within the Leilani Estates细分和从'a'a到pahoehoe熔岩流的过渡提供了一个独特的机会，可以记录这些通风口的演变，并测量喷发率和流动性流变特征和进化。这些爆发的裂缝的可及性可以从SUAS平台和现场收集活动中重复和一致的测量，这些数据集可以大大提高我们对East Rift区域火山学的理解。该组生成的高分辨率SUAS衍生的空间时间序列数据集将是在Kilauea的爆发历史中首次捕获喷发过程的所有阶段。预计这些数据将有助于火山科学家理解并预测基拉韦阿的持续和未来爆发。特定的目标包括（1）捕获裂缝的演变，从前体裂纹到成熟的通风孔，（2）准确测量喷发速率，这是一个独特的机会，因为目前整个流量量都包含在〜25 km2（目前）研究区域内，（3）捕获LAVA流动的地形和热量进化。用于实现这些目标的方法包括通过SUAS平台重复使用热和可见的传感器进行映射，通过差异GPS职业来建立地面控制，以及遥感后传感后处理和空间数据分析。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务。