Plant-Insect Diversity, Paleobiology, and Paleobiogeography From Early Eocene Neotropical Forests

始新世早期新热带森林的植物昆虫多样性、古生物学和古生物地理学

• 批准号: 1829299
• 负责人: Carlos Jaramillo
• 金额: $ 8.5万
• 依托单位: Smithsonian Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829299&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Plant; Insect; Diversity; Paleobiology; Paleobiogeography

The early Eocene hyperthermals were intervals of rapid and extreme warming that occurred ~56-52 million years ago. The hyperthermals recorded the highest global temperatures in the last 66 million years, and their fossil record provides a snapshot of life in a greenhouse world. Most studies of life during these warming intervals have focused on geographical regions between the tropics and poles. Very little is known about ancient tropical forests during the early Eocene. In this project, the early Eocene plant fossil record of northern Colombia are being intensively sampled. These collections will provide a unique and previously undescribed record of Central and South American plants from which their evolution and function can be evaluated in relation to past environmental change. With such records, our understanding of the limits and long-term responses of tropical rainforests to warming will advance. This project will foster the scientific training of undergraduate students in state-of-the-art lab techniques. The investigators will continue to increase paleontological awareness in local and rural communities in Colombia through training of public school teachers. This project will use the paleobotanical and sedimentary record from northern Colombia to test for biotic responses of Neotropical forests to early Eocene warming events. The research area includes three previously undescribed plant fossil localities that span the Paleocene-Eocene boundary and complement previously described Late Paleocene floras in Colombia. Considering that the plant fossil record provides a natural experiment in which to observe the long-term response of tropical rainforests to temperature increases, this project is focussing on 4 questions: 1) Did the early Eocene hyperthermals lead to a diversification or a collapse of tropical biomes in northern South America? 2) Did plant evaporative cooling change during these rapid increases in temperature? 3) How did forest composition and plant-insect interactions change during the early Eocene? 4) Were the early Eocene forests in northern South America similar in biogeographic composition to extant forests in the same region? By involving undergraduates in examining these research questions, this project will advance discovery and understanding while promoting teaching, training, and learning.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

始新世早期的高温是在56-52万年前发生的快速和极端变暖的间隔。高温人在过去6600万年中的全球温度最高，他们的化石记录为温室世界提供了生命的快照。在这些变暖间隔期间，大多数对生活的研究都集中在热带和两极之间的地理区域。在始新世早期，对古老的热带森林知之甚少。在这个项目中，北哥伦比亚北部的始新世早期植物化石记录正在深入采样。这些收藏将提供中美洲和南美植物的独特且以前未描述的记录，可以根据过去的环境变化评估它们的进化和功能。有了这样的记录，我们对热带雨林对变暖的限制和长期反应的理解将会发展。该项目将促进本科生在最先进的实验室技术中的科学培训。调查人员将继续通过培训公立学校教师来提高哥伦比亚地方和农村社区的古生物学意识。该项目将利用哥伦比亚北部的古植物和沉积记录来测试新热带森林对早期始新世变暖事件的生物反应。该研究区域包括三个先前未描述的植物化石位置，它们跨越了古新世 - 新世边界，并补充了先前描述的哥伦比亚晚期古新世植物植物群。考虑到植物化石记录提供了一个自然的实验，可以观察热带雨林对温度升高的长期反应，因此该项目的重点是4个问题：1）早期始新世高温早期导致南美北部热带生物组的多样化或崩溃？ 2）在这些快速升高期间，植物蒸发冷却变化是否会变化？ 3）在始新世早期，森林成分和植物 - 植物造成的相互作用如何变化？ 4）南美北部的早期始新世森林在生物地理组成中是否与同一地区现存森林相似？通过让大学生研究这些研究问题，该项目将在促进教学，培训和学习的同时提高发现和理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估评估标准来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Canopy Structure in Late Cretaceous and Paleocene Forests as Reconstructed from Carbon Isotope Analyses of Fossil Leaves

根据化石叶碳同位素分析重建晚白垩世和古新世森林的冠层结构

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Graham, Heather;Herrera, Fabiany;Jaramillo, Carlos;Wing, Scott;Freeman, Katherine
• 通讯作者: Freeman, Katherine

ABUNDANT AND DIVERSE INSECT-MEDIATED LEAF DAMAGE IN THE MIDDLE-LATE PALEOCENE (58–60 MA) NEOTROPICAL RAINFORESTS OF THE BOGOTÁ FORMATION, CENTRAL COLOMBIA

哥伦比亚中部波哥大地层新热带雨林中古新世中晚期（58-60 MA）大量且多样的昆虫介导的叶片损害

• DOI: 10.1130/abs/2020am-359227
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
• 作者: Giraldo Cerón, Luis;Carvalho, Mónica R.;Carvalho, Mónica R.;Herrera, Fabiany;Herrera, Fabiany;Labandeira, Conrad C.;Labandeira, Conrad C.;Jaramillo, Carlos;Jaramillo, Carlos
• 通讯作者: Jaramillo, Carlos

Middle to Late Paleocene Leguminosae fruits and leaves from Colombia

• DOI: 10.1071/sb19001
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Herrera, Fabiany;Carvalho, Monica R.;Herendeen, Patrick S.
• 通讯作者: Herendeen, Patrick S.

TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECTS OF THE END-CRETACEOUS EVENT ON THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN NEOTROPICAL RAINFORESTS

白垩纪末期事件对现代新热带雨林演化的变革性影响

• DOI: 10.1130/abs/2021am-370862
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
• 作者: Carvalho, Monica;Herrera, Fabiany;Wing, Scott;Labandeira, Conrad;Giraldo Cerón, L. Alejandro;Jaramillo, Carlos;de la Parra, Felipe;Caballero-Rodríguez, Dayenari;Silvestro, Daniele;Bayona, Germán
• 通讯作者: Bayona, Germán

19-Million-Year-Old Spondioid Fruits from Panama Reveal a Dynamic Dispersal History for Anacardiaceae

• DOI: 10.1086/703551
• 发表时间: 2019-07-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Herrera, Fabiany;Carvalho, Monica R.;Manchester, Steven R.
• 通讯作者: Manchester, Steven R.