Collaborative Research: The Onset of the Galapagos Plume as a Window Into the Deep Earth

合作研究：加拉帕戈斯羽流的出现是了解地球深处的窗口

• 批准号: 1826695
• 负责人: Glenn Gaetani
• 金额: $ 14.29万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1826695&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Onset; Galapagos; Plume

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are the record of the most voluminous volcanic eruptions on Earth. These events were so large that they triggered environmental change leading to catastrophic mass extinctions and oceanic anoxic events. The magmas comprising LIPs are our only direct samples from the deep Earth, having ascended to the surface in deeply rooted upwellings known as mantle plumes. These samples from regions that have been isolated deep within the Earth for billions of years provide information that is crucial for gaining a better understanding the links between geochemical cycles operating on the interior and exterior of our planet. For example, the effect of crustal materials carried into the mantle by subduction (crustal recycling) on the long-term oxidation evolution of the mantle, the effect of volatiles such as water on the generation of LIP primary magmas, and the potential preservation of primordial domains in the lower mantle remain major unknowns in the understanding of the evolution of our planet. This team proposes to shed new light on these questions by studying ultramafic lavas from the west coast of Costa Rica (Tortugal) as well as the islands of Curacao and Gorgona, comprising three distinct localities remnants of Caribbean LIP that are related to the onset of the Galapagos Plume ~89 Ma.A fundamental question to be answered in this study is whether volatile species recently reported in komatiites and LIPs are the result of deep recycling processes or if they reflect primordial, volatile-rich domains within the deep Earth. In the proposed study, researchers provide a systematic approach to answering this question. They will determine the isotopic compositions of helium, osmium, and tungsten on the same samples on which they will perform melt inclusion and mineral studies to constrain volatile contents and oxidation state. These terranes are ideal for this study as they formed by high-degrees of partial melting (thereby resembling the composition of their source), record high crystallization temperatures, high mantle potential temperatures, and the samples rapidly quenched at submarine conditions potentially minimizing the effects of diffusive loss of hydrogen from the inclusions. The volatile budgets of magmas related to the onset of the Galapagos Plume will help quantify the budget of volatiles released at Earth's surface during LIP eruption events, further clarifying the effects of LIPs on mass extinctions. This project will support a graduate student at Cornell, as well as provide independent research opportunities to undergraduate students. Results from this project will be incorporated in outreach and teaching activities of the PIs. This proposed research will enhance collaborations among Cornell, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the University of Maryland.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大火成岩省（嘴唇）是地球上最庞大的火山喷发的记录。这些事件是如此之大，以至于它们引发了环境变化，导致灾难性的质量灭绝和海洋缺氧事件。包括嘴唇的岩浆是我们唯一的直接样品，从深地球上升至地表，以深层扎根的上升植物（称为地幔羽流）。这些地区的这些样本已在地球深处隔离了数十亿年，为更好地理解在我们星球内部和外部运行的地球化学周期之间的联系至关重要。例如，通过俯冲（地壳回收）携带到地幔中的地壳材料对地幔的长期氧化演化的影响，挥发物（例如水）的挥发物对唇部原发性岩浆产生的影响，以及在对我们的Planlet进化的理解中，在低地幔中的原始领域的潜在保存仍然是主要未知的。 This team proposes to shed new light on these questions by studying ultramafic lavas from the west coast of Costa Rica (Tortugal) as well as the islands of Curacao and Gorgona, comprising three distinct localities remnants of Caribbean LIP that are related to the onset of the Galapagos Plume ~89 Ma.A fundamental question to be answered in this study is whether volatile species recently reported in komatiites and LIPs are the result深层回收过程的深层回收过程，或者是否反映了深层内部的原始，挥发性丰富的域。在拟议的研究中，研究人员提供了一种系统的方法来回答这个问题。他们将在相同样品上确定氦，osm和钨的同位素组成，它们将在其上进行熔体包含和矿物研究，以限制挥发性含量和氧化状态。这些底层是这项研究的理想选择，因为它们是由高度融化的高度（从而类似于其来源的组成），创纪录的高结晶温度，高地幔潜在温度以及在潜在条件下快速淬火的样品的潜在潜在地减少含有含有氢的氢损失的影响。与加拉帕戈斯羽流有关的岩浆的挥发性预算将有助于量化唇部喷发事件期间在地球表面释放的挥发物的预算，从而进一步阐明了嘴唇对大规模灭绝的影响。该项目将支持康奈尔大学的研究生，并为本科生提供独立的研究机会。该项目的结果将纳入PI的外展和教学活动中。这项拟议的研究将增强康奈尔大学，伍兹霍尔海洋学机构和马里兰大学之间的合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Architectural and Tectonic Control on the Segmentation of the Central American Volcanic Arc

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-082420-055108
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 49, 2021
• 作者: Gazel, Esteban;Flores, Kennet E.;Carr, Michael J.
• 通讯作者: Carr, Michael J.