CHS: Small: Establishing Action Laws for Touch Interaction

CHS：小：建立触摸交互的动作法则

• 批准号: 1815514
• 负责人: Xiaojun Bi
• 金额: $ 31.55万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1815514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Small; Establishing; Action; Laws

Theoretical action laws and quantitative models are foundational to any field. In human-computer interaction and ergonomics, Fitts' law is one of the theoretical foundations for interface and input device development and research. It has served as a theoretical framework for evaluating input devices, a tool for computational interface design, and a logical basis for modeling more complex HCI tasks. However, ample empirical evidence has shown that Fitts' law and other existing action laws encounter problems, or even fail, when modeling touch interaction, primarily because they do not account for the imprecision of finger touch in interaction. This research will establish robust new action laws for touch interaction, including both pointing and trajectory-based gesturing (steering), which will guide the design and evaluation of touch interfaces and serve as cornerstones for modeling complex tasks, computational interface design and optimization. Given the ubiquitous adoption of mobile devices where touch input is dominant, project outcomes are expected to have broad impact that will reach millions of users. To demonstrate the practical value and effectiveness of the new touch action laws, they will be used to quantify the touch capacity of older adults, thereby laying the foundation for designing touch interfaces well-suited for that user community.The starting point for this research will be the principal investigator's Finger-Fitts (FFitts) law derived from the Dual Gaussian Distribution Model and Fitts' law. This preliminary work will be expanded to model 2D target selection and gesturing tasks. The research will be carried out following standard practices in Human Computer Interaction (HCI), first deriving candidate models from existing models, hypotheses, and rational assumptions, and then conducting rigorous user studies to evaluate the new models. The experimental results will in turn be used to refine the new models, which again will be evaluated via studies. Project outcomes will include the following theoretical and empirical intellectual contributions: action laws for touch pointing, including both the task form of the FFitts law which will predict touch pointing time with nominal task parameters (i.e., finger travel distance A and target width W), and the bivariate FFitts law which will model 2D pointing tasks on rectangular targets such as buttons, check boxes and hyperlinks; action laws for trajectory gestures (Finger-Steering laws), including a basic form for steering along straight paths and a generic form for other paths; and a touch action law based understanding of older adults' touch interaction capacity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

理论行动定律和定量模型是任何领域的基础。在人类计算机的互动和人体工程学中，FITTS的定律是界面和输入设备开发和研究的理论基础之一。 它是评估输入设备的理论框架，计算接口设计的工具以及对更复杂的HCI任务进行建模的逻辑基础。 但是，充分的经验证据表明，FITTS的定律和其他现有的行动法律在建模触摸互动时会遇到问题，甚至失败，主要是因为它们不考虑相互作用中手指触摸的不精确性。这项研究将为触摸交互建立强大的新行动定律，包括基于指向和基于轨迹的手势（转向），该法将指导触摸接口的设计和评估，并作为建模复杂任务的基石，计算界面的设计和优化。考虑到触摸输入占主导地位的移动设备无处不在，预计项目结果将产生广泛的影响，将吸引数百万用户。 为了证明新触摸行动定律的实际价值和有效性，它们将用于量化老年人的触摸能力，从而为该用户社区设计非常适合的触摸接口奠定了基础。这项研究的起点将是主要研究者的手指贴合（FFITTS）法律，该法律来自双dual高斯分布模型和Fitts法律。 这项初步工作将扩展到模型2D目标选择和手势任务。 该研究将根据人类计算机交互（HCI）的标准实践进行，首先从现有模型，假设和理性假设中得出候选模型，然后进行严格的用户研究以评估新模型。实验结果将依次用于完善新模型，该模型将再次通过研究评估。 Project outcomes will include the following theoretical and empirical intellectual contributions: action laws for touch pointing, including both the task form of the FFitts law which will predict touch pointing time with nominal task parameters (i.e., finger travel distance A and target width W), and the bivariate FFitts law which will model 2D pointing tasks on rectangular targets such as buttons, check boxes and hyperlinks;轨迹手势的行动定律（指定法律），包括沿着直路转向的基本形式和其他路径的通用形式；这一奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并对老年人的触摸互动能力进行了基于触摸行动法的理解，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评论标准来评估值得支持的。

项目成果

Optimal-T9: An Optimized T9-like Keyboard for Small Touchscreen Devices

• DOI: 10.1145/3279778.3279786
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces
• 作者: Ryan Qin;Suwen Zhu;Yu-Hao Lin;Yu-Jung Ko;Xiaojun Bi

Using Bayes' Theorem for Command Input: Principle, Models, and Applications

使用贝叶斯定理进行命令输入：原理、模型和应用

• DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376771
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: CHI'20
• 作者: Zhu, Suwen;Kim, Yoonsang;Zheng, Jingjie;Luo, Jennifer Yi;Qin, Ryan;Wang, Liuping;Fan, Xiangmin;Tian, Feng;Bi, Xiaojun
• 通讯作者: Bi, Xiaojun

Select or Suggest? Reinforcement Learning-based Method for High-Accuracy Target Selection on Touchscreens

选择还是建议？

• DOI: 10.1145/3491102.3517472
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'22
• 作者: Li, Zhi;Zhao, Maozheng;Das, Dibyendu;ZHAO, HANG;Ma, Yan;Liu, Wanyu;Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel;Wang, Fusheng;Ramakrishnan, IV;Bi, Xiaojun
• 通讯作者: Bi, Xiaojun

i'sFree: Eyes-Free Gesture Typing via a Touch-Enabled Remote Control

• DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300678
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Suwen Zhu;Jingjie Zheng;Shumin Zhai;Xiaojun Bi

HotStrokes: Word-Gesture Shortcuts on a Trackpad

• DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300395
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Wenzhe Cui;Jingjie Zheng;Blaine Lewis;Daniel Vogel;Xiaojun Bi