NNA: Collaborative Research: MSB-FRA: Peat Expansion in Arctic Tundra - Pattern, Process, and the Implication for the Carbon Cycle (TundraPEAT)

NNA：合作研究：MSB-FRA：北极苔原泥炭扩张 - 模式、过程以及对碳循环的影响 (TundraPEAT)

• 批准号: 1802825
• 负责人: Stephen Frolking
• 金额: $ 26.21万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1802825&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NNA; Collaborative; Research; MSB; FRA

Amplified Arctic warming in recent decades has caused a multitude of changes in terrestrial ecosystems that have potential for strong feedbacks to the global system. Arctic vegetation greening may not necessarily result in increases in carbon sequestration in Arctic tundra due to complex and uncertain soil processes. Arctic tundra tends to have a thicker organic soil horizon (peat) than most other zonal biomes; research shows that peatlands comprise a sustained carbon sink. If shallow peatlands are widespread throughout the Arctic, the overall net carbon storage capacity of tundra might be underestimated globally. However, the factors controlling the formation, distribution, and dynamics of these peat patches across the Arctic are not well understood. The overall goal of the project is to understand organic soil (peat) accumulation processes in the tundra biome and to assess the role of peat in regional and pan-Arctic carbon budgets at decadal and centennial timescales. The project will examine potential peat migration/expansion frontiers in a warming Arctic and their significance in the regional and pan-Arctic carbon cycle. The project will train undergraduates, graduate students, and postdocs from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds in both data analysis and modeling. The public education and outreach program includes STEM activities involving middle and high school students and a symposium on Arctic environments. The understanding of environmental conditions and processes that control the formation and northward migrations of the green peat frontier will inform Arctic stakeholders in their use of natural resources.This multidisciplinary research team of researchers will integrate (1) new data collection from multiple tundra sites along the northernmost peat-forming frontiers of the North American Arctic, together with (2) laboratory incubation experiments, (3) a synthesis of existing data from the tundra and boreal biomes, and (4) ecosystem-scale process model simulations. The overarching question is: will the warming Arctic transform into a peat-rich landscape, as the boreal zone is now, or are there essential conditions lacking in a warming Arctic that will prevent this? To address this broad question, the research focuses on two key elements of the Arctic peat-forming ecosystems: peat patches, and the role of Sphagnum in the formation, persistence, and rapid rates of carbon sequestration of these potentially incipient peatlands. Using observational, experimental, and modeling results, along with synthesis products from a coordinated international research network, the research team will test hypotheses on (1) the ages, carbon accumulation rates, and continental pattern of these rapidly forming and migrating peat patches; (2) the various responses of production and decomposition processes to temperature and moisture change; and (3) the role of Sphagnum in modifying microclimate and shifting balance between their productivity and decomposability.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

近几十年来，放大的北极变暖引起了陆地生态系统的多种变化，这些生态系统有可能对全球系统产生强烈反馈。北极植被绿化可能不一定会导致北极苔原的碳固相增加，这是由于土壤过程复杂而不确定的。北极苔原往往比大多数其他区域生物群落具有较厚的有机土壤层（泥炭）。研究表明，泥炭地包括持续的碳汇。如果浅层泥炭地在整个北极地区广泛，则苔原的总净碳存储能力可能会被全球低估。但是，控制这些泥炭斑块在北极的形成，分布和动力学的因素尚不清楚。该项目的总体目标是了解苔原生物群落中的有机土壤（泥炭）积累过程，并评估泥炭在十年和百年纪念时间表的区域和泛氧化碳预算中的作用。该项目将检查北极变暖的潜在泥炭迁移/膨胀边界，并在区域和泛氧化碳循环中进行意义。该项目将在数据分析和建模中培训来自不同社会经济和文化背景的本科生，研究生和博士后。公共教育和外展计划包括涉及中学生和高中生的STEM活动以及关于北极环境的研讨会。 The understanding of environmental conditions and processes that control the formation and northward migrations of the green peat frontier will inform Arctic stakeholders in their use of natural resources.This multidisciplinary research team of researchers will integrate (1) new data collection from multiple tundra sites along the northernmost peat-forming frontiers of the North American Arctic, together with (2) laboratory incubation experiments, (3) a synthesis of existing data from the苔原和北方生物群岛，以及（4）生态系统规模的过程模型模拟。总体问题是：随着北极区域现在的变暖，北极变暖会变成泥炭富含泥炭的景观，还是现在缺少温暖的北极北极地区可以防止这种情况的基本条件？为了解决这个广泛的问题，该研究重点介绍了北极泥炭形成生态系统的两个关键要素：泥炭斑，泥炭植物在这些潜在的泥炭地的形成，持久性和快速碳碳碳碳固化速率中的作用。研究团队使用观察性，实验和建模结果以及来自协调的国际研究网络的合成产品，将测试（1）这些迅速形成和迁移泥炭斑块的年龄，碳积累率以及大陆模式的假设； （2）生产和分解过程对温度和水分变化的各种响应； （3）泥瓦匠在修改其生产率和可分解性之间修改微气候和转移平衡方面的作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响来审查标准的评估值得支持的。

项目成果

Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-00944-0
• 发表时间: 2020-12-07
• 期刊: NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: Loisel, J.;Gallego-Sala, A., V;Wu, J.
• 通讯作者: Wu, J.

Modeling Carbon Accumulation and Permafrost Dynamics of Northern Peatlands Since the Holocene

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jg007009
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: Bailu Zhao;Q. Zhuang;S. Frolking

Predicted Vulnerability of Carbon in Permafrost Peatlands With Future Climate Change and Permafrost Thaw in Western Canada

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jg005872
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: C. Treat;Miriam C. Jones;J. Alder;A. Sannel;P. Camill;S. Frolking

Modelling the habitat preference of two key <i>Sphagnum</i> species in a poor fen as controlled by capitulum water content

模拟贫瘠沼泽中两种主要<i>泥炭藓</i>物种的栖息地偏好（受头状水含量控制）

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-5693-2020
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Gong, Jinnan;Roulet, Nigel;Frolking, Steve;Peltola, Heli;Laine, Anna M.;Kokkonen, Nicola;Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina
• 通讯作者: Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina

Hydrologic Controls on Peat Permafrost and Carbon Processes: New Insights From Past and Future Modeling

• DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.892925
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 作者: C. Treat;Miriam C. Jones;J. Alder;S. Frolking